290 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



use of the term LOGAN, are given by Mrs. Eckstorm (Miss Hardy) in Forest and 

 Stream, XXXVI, 1901, 62, by Manly Hardy in the same journal, LXXXIV, 1910, 

 731, and by Samuels in With Fly-rod and Camera, 418. It is also worth mention in 

 this connection that in New Brunswick the word BOGAN is perhaps contracted 

 still further, for the expression PUGHOLE, used by guides and other woodsmen to 

 designate a boggy or marshy spot, usually one that gives rise to a small stream, may 

 be a contraction of BOGAN, though perhaps it is simply "Bog-hole." The word 

 PUG-HOLE is used by a guide in a letter I receive as I write this paper, and it is 

 explained in the Educational Review (St. John), XIII, 1899, 148. 



The only attempt at an etymological analysis of the word that I have found, 

 is the partial one by W. W. Tooker, in the American Anthropologist, I, 1899, 165, who 

 makes the first root identical with that of the southern word POQUOSIN, in which 

 it means "to open out," "to widen," "primarily to break," the entire word describing 

 an open marshy place by a river. Mr. Tooker is presumably right in his inter- 

 pretation of this root in Poquosin, but I think he is wholly wrong in identifying it 

 with the POKO of Pokelogan, for there is little, if anything, in the typical poke- 

 logan to suggest opening or widening, which idea indeed, is expressed in Abenaki and 

 Micmac by the root BAN or PAN, as shown already in the preceding paper in this 

 series (page 12). Moreover,' the word Poquosin exists among our Indians with a 

 meaning very different from that of Pokelogan, and very like one of the popular uses 

 mentioned by Mr. Tooker, south of New York; for M. Chamberlain, in his Maliseet 

 Vocabulary, 49, gives the Maliseet word PËK-KWES'-SÙN as meaning A WILD 

 MEADOW. The root that is involved in Poquosin seems to me not the Abenaki 

 PONGUA meaning SHALLOW, but the Narragansett PAHKE or POHKI, meaning 

 CLEAR, OPEN (compare pp. 131, 234, of Trumbull's Natick Dictionary). Far more 

 probable seems to me an identity of this POKO of POKOLOGAN with POWKA of 

 POKOWOGAMOOS, meaning SHALLOW (page 282 preceding), for the pokelogans 

 are not only typically shallow, but have mud bottoms like those of the Pokwagamoos 

 type of "Mud Lakes." As to the remainder of the word, OLOGAN or ELOKAN, 

 that I take to be identical with a root or roots which appear in words signifying an 

 enclosure or receptacle. Thus there is KELAHIGAN meaning A TRAP (Rasle, 

 Abnaki Dictionary, 389), the kind of trap that an animal enters, as shown by the 

 kind called Kilheg (a persistence), in English; and there is OULAGAN, meaning 

 A DISH, given by Father Rasle, as 8LANGAN, the N being an almost silent nasal 

 (op. cit. 508), while ALAGAT, it appears, is part of a word meaning HOLE {op. cit. 

 538). The same root is evidently contained in MEGKWAH'LAGAS, a locality on 

 the lower Penobscot, meaning "red hole (on an island)", given by Hubbard (Woods 

 and Lakes of Maine, 201), and I suspect underlies the word Allagash, later to be con- 

 sidered. In the allied Micmac we have the same components obviously in ÈL- 

 MÛNÂKÙN, meaning "a beaver's or muskrat's Hole" (Rand, English- Micmac 

 Dictionary, 133). Indeed, this idea of an animal's hole or retreat, the passage into 

 a cul-de-sac, the kind of a place our lumbermen would describe as "a hole," topo- 

 graphically, fits very well with both the impression made by a pokelogan and with 

 its actual construction, — elongated, muddy, alder-bordered, difficult to traverse, 

 uncanny; and expresses, I think, the idea underlying the use of the word pokelogan. 

 The entire word therefore, would seem to be POKW-ELAKUN meaning literally 

 SHALLOW-HOLE. 



Reviewing the evidence as a whole, I venture the prediction that the word 

 POKELOGAN will be found embodied in the MEGKWAHLAGAS of Hubbard, 

 above mentioned, which I think is not correctly interpreted in its first part, and 

 which, in view of the easy interchangeability of M and P in Indian words, could 



