176 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



young colonies often are creeping; hydrothecse long, tubular, some- 

 what curved, with the convex side uppermost, smaller than those of 

 the other species but varying much in size; pedicels with one or two 

 slight twists, coming out from the stem at an angle less than 45°. 



Gonosome. — The whole coppinia mass resembles that of Lafœa 

 dumosa but the separate gonangia are not regularly hexagonal when 

 viewed from the surface, they are more nearly circular and are not 

 so regularly arranged; the hydrothecal tubes are more slender and 

 perhaps longer. 



Distribution. — Bare Island (Hartlaub); Puget Sound (Nutting); 

 Puget Sound (Torrey) ; Departure Bay, Dodds Narrows, Ucluelet, 

 Port Renfrew, San Juan Archipelago (Fraser); found almost every- 

 where where collections have been made from Queen Charlotte Is. 

 to Puget Sound. 



This species and Lafœa dumosa are particularly common in all 

 dredged material in this region. In the one summer's dredging I 

 have L. gracillima recorded from 23 distinct localities and L. dumosa 

 from 24. 



Genus LIGTORELLA 



Trophosome. — Stem fascicled, with ultimate branches monosi- 

 phonic and bilateral; hydrothecae never sessile; diaphragm present 

 in hydrothecal cavity; nematocysts may be present on the branch 

 at the base of the hydrotheca. 



Gonosome. — "Gonangia aggregated, with curious protuberant 

 shoulders on one or two sides of the distal end. These are horn like 

 processes which may curve upward, or downward, or be directed 

 straight outward, according to the species" (Nutting). 



Lictorella Carolina Fraser 

 PI. XXIV, Fig. 89 



Lictorella Carolina Fraser, West Coast Hydroids, 1911, p. 53. 



Trophosome. — Stem fascicled, with few hydrothecae; main 

 branches also fascicled but tubes are reduced in number, gradually 

 disappearing until in the secondary branches there is but a single 

 tube. An appearance of dichotomy is produced in most cases by a 

 hydrotheca on one tube originating in such a way that it seems to 

 come from the axil formed by the branching of another tube. The 

 ultimate branches are divided into internodes of almost equal length by 

 deep constrictions; from each internode, nearly midway between 

 the nodes, a single hydrotheca is given off. These hydrothecae alter- 

 nate on successive internodes but are all in the same plane ; at the origin 

 of each of these there is a distinct shoulder on the branch, which is 



