88 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



was given a dominating place in the Governing Board; the Bishop 

 was Visitor, the Archdeacon, President, and the Professors constituting 

 the Council were to be members of that Church," and, worst of all, 

 the large endowment of lands and the provincial and imperial grants 

 were thus in the service of one Church. 



The radicalism of Canada first spoke through Scotsmen — ■ 

 McCulloch and Mortimer in Nova Scotia,^^ Glennie in New Bruns- 

 wick-^ and Gourlay in Upper Canada.^" As in the United States, the 

 Presbyterians bitterly resented the claims of the Church of England, 

 for they too claimed the rights of establishment. McCulloch, though 

 a member of a branch of the Presbyterian Church that had seceded 

 fiom the Established Church of Scotland before the Disruption, had 

 a good educational reason for his attack. Pictou Academy, which he 

 had founded, was a suppliant for a grant. The Assembly favoured 

 the grant; the Governor and Council resisted. Religion, as well as 

 politics, entered into this struggle of thirty years, which culminated 

 in the attainment of Responsible Government in 1848. 



Lord Dalhousie, a Scotsman, the Governor of Nova Scotia, was 

 the first to express in action his protest against the exclusiveness of 

 King's College, Windsor. Over £11,000 had been collected as duties 

 by the British when they held the port of Castine in Maine during the 

 war of 1812. Lord Dalhousie decided to recommend that these funds 

 be used for educational purposes. In his letter to Lord Bathurst, 

 December 11, 1817, he says: "I formerly thought that it might be 

 applied to the removal of King's College to a situation here more 

 within our reach; but I am better informed now, and I find that if 

 that College were in Halifax it is open to those only who live within 

 its walls and observe strict College rules and terms. . , .It has 

 occurred to me that the procuring of a College on the same plan and 

 principle as that of Edinburgh, is an object more likely than any 

 other I can think of to prove immediately beneficial to this young 

 country. . . . These classes are open to all sects of religion. "^^ 

 His recommendation was adopted in 1818 and the building of Dal- 

 housie College begun in 1820. The college had as Governors officials 

 who were more interested in King's. It remained unopened for 

 twenty years — until McCulloch was transferred from Pictou to it in 

 1838. 



"University of Toronto, 1827-1906, p. 12. 

 2^Life of Thomas McCulloch. 

 ^'Glennie, Hannay: Wilmot. 



^"Bethune: Strachan, c. 7; Wallace: Family Compact, c. 3; Kingsford, vol. LX, 

 pp. 207-239. 



aiHind, p. 50. 



