Imurray] university DEVELOPMENT IN CANADA 93 



Royal Charter intact except with respect to the conferring of degrees. 

 It also retained its trust funds and kept its ordinary funds separate, 

 though permitting their revenue to go to the common chest. Yet 

 again Windsor and the Royal Charter interposed their veto. 



A fifth attempt was initiated by King's, twenty years later, when 

 King's had almost reached the portals of extinction and Dalhousie 

 had increased fivefold. Equally generous were Dalhousie's proposals 

 and equally timid and hopeless were the decisions of King's. A 

 retired situation, a Royal Charter and an ancient tradition are insecure 

 supports for an impoverished college at a time when university educa- 

 tion requires hu/idreds of thousands, where tens of thousands sufficed 

 two decades before. 



Within a year the question of College Union was reopened by 

 the proposals of the Carnegie Foundation for the advancement of 

 Teaching. 



Dalhousie College was more fortunate in other ventures. The 

 Arts department of Gorham College, established by the Congrega- 

 tionalists at Liverpool, N.S., was transferred to Dalhousie in 1856, 

 "with a view to the furtherance of the establishment of a Provincial 

 University." The transfer failed to bring the college to the standing 

 of a university. One of the Congregational professors, Dr. Cornish, 

 followed Principal Dawson to Montreal and served under him in the 

 new McGill. 



More fortunate was Dalhousie in 1863, when the two great 

 political rivals, Joseph Howe and Charles Tupper, joined in blessing 

 the project to reorganize Dalhousie with the co-operation of the two 

 branches of the Presbyterian Churches and to establish a university 

 non-sectarian in character and independent in government. With 

 George Grant and Allan Pollok collecting funds. Chief Justice Young 

 and Principal Ross guiding the policy, and a brill^^nt group of young 

 professors, MacDonald, Johnson, Lawson, DeMille and Lyall, setting 

 a new standard in teaching, the reorganized and united university 

 soon sprang into esteem and was the recipient from George Munro 

 of the first of the large benefactions made to the universities in Canada 

 by private donors. 



These unions in Nova Scotia took place before Confederation. 

 A federal scheme of Union was proposed for the colleges in the Mari- 

 time Provinces in the seventies. It was a copy of the London Uni- 

 versity which, in the spirit of Napoleon's creation, restricted its 

 activities to the examination of candidates and the conferring of 

 degrees. Each denominational college was to be left free to teach 



