224 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



CYSTINGIINAE sub-fam. nov. 



The stigmata in this sub-family are characteristically variable in 

 length, more or less bent, and arranged rather definitely in a spiral 

 fashion around the infundibula. They do not seem ever to fail to 

 divide and so to form a continuous spiral as in many of the Eugyrinae, 

 nor are they subdivided in that regular fashion that produces rows of 

 stigmata transverse to the folds as in the typical Caesirinae. 



In only two genera' (Paramolgtda and Pareugyrioides) do the folds 

 of the pharynx remain in that simple post-larval condition of being 

 represented by single longitudinal bars. 



Dorsal tubercle usually well developed, the horns of the slit-like 

 aperture being coiled in the opposite sense, that is, toward each other 

 on the same side (the usual condition in Ascidians). The opening 

 between the horns is directed variously, but usually posteriorly or 

 to the right, that is in directions opposite to the usual ones for the 

 Eugyrinae. 



In several genera a marked tendency is shown for the intestinal 

 loop to be strongly bent upwards to form a secondary loop. 



The left gonad is always above the primary intestinal loop, never 

 in or across it as in the Eugyrinae. The testicular lobes are variously 

 arranged, but are never arranged radially in a mass situated at the 

 blind end of the ovary as in the Caesirinae. 



PARAMOLGULA Traustedt 

 Syn. Stomatropa Pizon 



Pharynx with 7 longitudinal bars on each side in place of folds. 

 Infundibula irregular in size and arrangement, each having few to 

 many short stigmata spirally arranged. Dorsal lamina with smooth 

 margin. Dorsal tubercle horseshoe-shaped with horns spirally in- 

 rolled and opening between directed to right side or anteriorly. 



Intestinal loop strongly curved into a secondary loop. A gonad 

 on each side, the left above both primary and secondary intestinal 

 loops. Testicular lobes bordering and more or less enclosing ovary 

 on outer side. One to several vasa deferentia attached to mantle 

 parallel to oviduct, and opening near latter. 



Type species — P. schulzii Traust. 



Other species, which, although not fully described, we can with 

 confidence place in this genus, are P. chilensis Hartmeyer (1914, 

 p. 18), P. filholi (Pizon), P. gigantea (Cunningham), P. glomerata 

 (Pizon), P. gregaria (Lesson), P. horrida (Herdman), P. lebruni 



