[huntsman] the ASCIDIAN FAMILY CAESIRIDAE 229 



A gonad on each side, the left ovary above the intestinal loop. 

 Testicular lobes irregularly disposed with many separate testicular 

 systems in several masses, which are partly beside ovary and partly 

 separated, one mass on the left side being in the intestinal loop. 

 Vasa deferentia not accompanying oviduct. 



Type species— P. dalli (Ritter, 1913, p. 441). 



P. japonica Hartmeyer (1914, p. 23) is a second species. 



The condition of the testicular lobes is strikingly like that of 

 Cystingia, with which genus it is most closely related. In the primitive 

 condition of the pharyngeal folds it resembles such widely different 

 genera as Eugyra, Paramolgula and Gamaster. 



CAESIRINAE sub-fam. nov. 



In this sub-family there is a general tendency for the apertural 

 lobes, particularly the oral, to be fringed or subdivided. This reaches 

 its extreme in the unusual forms Oligotrema and Hexacrobyhis, where 

 the lobes are muscular and are possibly used as grasping organs. 



The dorsal tubercle, when well developed, has the ends of its 

 slit-like aperture coiled in the same sense, so as to form a reversed S. 

 When the stigmata are well-formed and sub-divided, they are char- 

 acteristically arranged in rows, which are transverse to the pharyngeal 

 folds and lengthwise of the infundibula. As in the other sub-families, 

 in some genera the pharynx fails to develop beyond a very simple 

 state. This is shown to an extreme degree in Hexacrobylus. 



An outstanding characteristic of this family is the arrangement of 

 the testicular lobes, which are radially arranged in a more or less 

 compact mass situated at the blind end of the usually elongated 

 ovary. 



SYPHONOTETHIS Gervais (sens, nov.) 



Syn. Molgula et Caesira auct. (partim) 



Apertural lobes fringed or branched in some species at least, 

 probably in all. 



Pharynx with 7 folds on each side. Infundibula usually extend- 

 ing into folds, each having many stigmata which are spirally arranged 

 and usually form rows lengthwise of the infundibula. Dorsal lamina 

 with smooth margin, except near posterior end in some cases. Dorsal 

 tubercle with aperture when well developed, usually reverse S-shaped, 

 the horns turned in and coiled, but in type aperture is horseshoe- 

 shaped, with opening between horns directed to right. 



