PEOPLE OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. 67 



Blenkinsop's name is given in the subjoined notes in parenthesis, following that here 

 actually adopted. To the enumeration of the tribes, I have added Mr. Blenkinsop's 

 statistical return for the year ending June 30th, 1885. This I have myself had an 

 opportunity of checking in a number of instances, and can, therefore, vouch for its general 

 accuracy. The figures are of value as exhibiting the actual status of the tribes at the 

 present time, and in the printed reports of the Indian Department are not given in detail. 

 The first five tribal subdivisions were not included in Mr. Blenkinsop's district, no 

 precise returns are available for them, and as I have not visited these tribes, the informa- 

 tion which I am able to offer concerning them is merely that already found in the 

 " Comparative Vocabularies." 



(1) Hai-shi-la. — Called by the Tshimsian " Kitamat," and known to the whites by that 

 name. Douglas Channel. 



(2) Keim-ano-eitoh. — Called by the Tshimsian " Kitlop," or " people of the rocks." 

 Gardiner Channel. 



(3) Hni-haish. — Inlets on Tolmie Channel and Mussel Inlet. 



(4) Hail-tzuk. — Called by the Tshimsian " "Witsta," a word having some reference to the 

 flattening of the cranium, said by Dr. Tolmie to have been practiced in varying degrees 

 by all the Kwakiool people, but of which, in most tribes, little or no trace is now to be 

 found. Milbank Sound and neighbourhood. This people consists of three septs or 

 smaller subdivisions, Owia-lei-toh, Owit-lei-toh and Kook-wai-wai-toh, occupying re- 

 spectively the southern, middle and northern- parts of the Sound. The last named is 

 closely associated with the Kitistzoo or southernmost sept of the Tshimpsian, and is now 

 nearly extinct. 



(5) Wik-eimh. — Meaning " the portage makers." This people carry their canoes to a 

 lake. Calvert Island, Elver's Canal. 



(6) Kivn'-shi-lâ (Kwâw-she-lah). — This people borders on the last, inhabiting Smith's 

 Inlet. 



(*7) Klils'-kaino (Klâso-ki-no). — This people was not mentioned in the lists in the 

 " Comparative Vocabularies," and their territory, in the vicinity of Klaskino Inlet of the 

 charts, to the south of Quatsino Sound, was erroneously included on the map with that 

 of the Aht. They border on the Kw '-tsT-no to the north, on the Aht people to the south, 

 the line being approximately at Cape Cook or Woody Point. The tribe is very much 

 reduced in number and may be said to be on the verge of extinction. These, with the 

 three following tribes, constitute a well marked group, being together the Kwakiool of 

 the west coast of Vancouver Island. All four tribes are particularly and very remarkably 

 distinguished from others by the practice of bandaging the heads of the female children, 

 and causing them thus to assume an elongated conical form. These tribes are celebrated 

 among the rest for growing good potatoes, which they cultivate in very small patches in 

 a number of places, generally on cleared spots which have, at one time, been village 

 sites. Mr. Blenkinsop states that they grew in all about two hundred bushels of potatoes 

 in the year to which his returns apply. From Ow-ît (or as said by the Fort Kupert 

 Indians " Ow-wîtti ") hereditary chief of the Kwâ'-tsï-no, a number of interesting details 

 were obtained respecting the migrations of the four tribes above alluded to. The Klâs'- 

 kaino had, however, so far as he knew, always inhabited their present territory, which, as 



