VIOLA CEAE 135 



1. VIOLA L. 



Early flowers petaliferons and showy, the lower petal spurred at base. 

 Two lower stamens spurred. Later flowers cleistogamous and very fertile. 



Plants caulescent. 



Flowers yellow. 1. V. scahriuscula. 



Flowers bluish. 2. V. Rafinesquii. 



Plants acaulescent ; flowers purple. 

 Leaves lobed or parted. 



Petioles glabrate. 3. V. pedatifida. 



Petioles strongly pubescent. 4. V. Bernardi. 



Leaves merely crenate or dentate. 

 Stem and leaves strongly pubescent. 5 V. sororia. 



Stems and leaves sparingly pubescent. 6. V. cuspidnfa. 



Stem and leaves glabrate. 



Leaves triangular-ovate. 7. V. 3Iifisouriensis. 



Leaves reniform-cordate. 8. V. pratincola. 



1. v. scabriuscula (T. &G. ) Schwein. Yellow Violet. Stems 

 3^-12' high, clustered, erect or ascending, glabrate to pubescent : leaves 

 orbicular-ovate, acute, crenate-dentate, the basal present at flowering 

 time: stipules ovate-lanceolate : capsules glabrous. — Common in woods 

 throughout. April-May. 



2. V. Rafinesquii Greene. Wild Fansy. Annuals, 2^-10'' high, 

 glabrous : leaves lanceolate to cordate, crenate-dentate : stipules foli- 

 aceous, lyrate-pinnatifid. — Along roads and in dry woods throughout. 

 Not uncommon. April-May. 



3. V. pedatifida Don. Prairie Violet. 2^-10^ high, glabrous : 

 leaves palraately parted into 5-7 linear segments, the segments obtuse 

 and more or less lobed. Often common in dry oak woods and on prairies 

 throughout the southern part. April-May. 



4. V. Bernardi Greene. Bernard's Violet. 2^-10^ high, pubes- 

 cent : leaves palmately incised or cleft into 5-9 oblong or ovate-oblong 

 segments, the segments usually somewhat serrate and lobed, pubescent 

 beneath and ciliate. — Rather common on prairies and in dry oak woods 

 throughout the southern part. April-May. 



5. V. sororia Willd. Hairy Violet. 3^-10' higli, villous : leaves 

 orbicular to reniform, acute or obtuse : cleistogamous flowers on short 

 spreading peduncles. — Not uncommon in dry grounds. April-May. 



6. V. cuspidata Greene. Wood Violet. 2^-6^ high at flowering 

 time : leaves and petioles more or less pubescent, but not glabrous : 

 leaves cordate-reniform : sepals ciliate : petals usually dark blue : cleis- 

 togamous flowers on spreading peduncles. — Our most common species, in 

 woods. April-May. 



7. V. Missouriensis Greene. Missouri Violet. 2^-5' high at 

 flowering time, perfectly smooth : leaves twice as long as wide, triangu- 

 lar-ovate : sepals little if at all ciliate : petals usually bluish- white : 

 peduncles of cleistogamous flowers spreading to erect, 4^ or less long. — 

 Sandy soil along streams. Frequent. April-May. 



