CAPRIFOLIACEAE 179 



Fruit hispid or bristly. 

 Stems strongly recurved bristly on the angles. 



Leaves l'-3' long. 1. G. Aparine. 



Leaves 1^ or less long. 2. G. Vaillantii. 



Stems nearly smooth on the angles. 



Leaves in fours. 3. G. circaezans. 



Leaves in sixes. 4. G. triflorum. 



Fruit smooth. 



Flowers in clusters. 5. G. tindorium. 



Flowers in C3'mes. 6. G. concinnum. 



1. G. Aparine L. Goose Grass. Annual, spreading : leaves in 6's 

 or 8's, oblanceolate-linear : cymes 1-3-flowered : fruit 2^^-3^^ broad. — 

 Common in shaded grounds. April-June. 



2. G. Vaillantii DC. Cleavers. Like the last but the leaves smaller, 

 the cymes 2-9 flowered and the fruit less than 1^^ broad. — Common in 

 drj' grounds. April-June. 



3. G. circaezans Michx. Wild Liquorice. Perennial, 6^-18^ bighj 

 pubescent: leaves oval : cymes forking : corolla greenish. — Rather com- 

 mon in dry rocky woods. May-July. 



4. G. triflorum Michx. Fragrant Bedstraw. Perennial, spread- 

 ing, sweet-scented : leaves oval-lanceolate, cuspidate : peduncles 3 flow- 

 ered or 3-branched : flowers greenish. — Rather common in woods. June- 

 September. 



5. G. tinctorium L. Marsh Bedstraw. Perennial, 6^-12' high : 

 nearly glabrous : leaves linear : corolla lobes acute: endosperm annular 

 in cross-section. — Often common in low meadows, especially in the north- 

 eastern part. May-June. 



6. G. concinnum Torr. & Gray. Wood Bedstraw. Perennial, 6'- 

 15'' high, scabrous : leaves linear : corolla lobes acute : endosperm lunate 

 in cross section : flowers in open cymes. — Common in dry woodlands. 

 May-June. 



Family 119. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. 



Plants with opposite leaves. Calyx tube coherent with the ovary, its 

 limb with 3-5 divisions. Corolla gamopetalous, variously shaped, its limb 

 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla, alternate with its lobes. 

 Ovary inferior, 1-6-celled. Style one. Stigma capitate or 3-5-lobed. 

 Fruit a l-several-seeded berry, drupe or capsule. 



Flowers in terminal compound cymes. 



Leaves compound. 1. Sambucus. 



Leaves simple. 2. Viburnum. 



Flowers axillary or clustered. 



Perennial herbs. 3. Triosteum. 



Woody plants. 

 Corolla bell-shaped, regular. 4. Symphoricarpos. 



Corolla tubular, irregular. 5. Lonicera. 



1. SAMBUCUS L. 



Shrubs with white flowers in compound cymes. Calyx minutely 3-5- 

 toothed. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed. Stamens five. Stigmas three. Fruit 

 a berry-like drupe containing 3-5 nutlets. 



