64 



BRITISH FLORA 



clnspiii>;, falsely j-veincd, thf lower narrowed 

 below, hardly stalked. The heads form a corymb 

 or panicle, leafy. The flower-stalks are cottony, 

 the involucre egg^-shaped below, dark, nearly 

 smooth, with close, broad, blunt bracts. The 

 ligulcs .Tre smooth. The style is blackish livid. 

 The plant is 2-4 ft. in height, and flowers in 

 August and September, being a herbaceous per- 

 ennial. 



Narrow-leaved Hawkweed (Ilifradum umbel- 

 lattiin, L.).— The habitat of this plant is thickets, 

 &c., dry rocky places, and heaths. The plant 

 has the erect habit. The stem is wiry, with long, 

 loose hairs below, short, without radical loaves. 

 The leaves are stalkless, numerous, smooth, or 

 hairy below, linear-oblong, lance-shapcd, the 

 base narrowed, toothed, uniform, the teeth dis- 

 tant, netted, stellately downy below. The heads 

 form an umbel or corymb. The florets are yellow, 

 the top of the slender, rigid flower-stalk cottony. 

 The involucral bracts are dark green, smooth, 

 with bent-back points, blunt. The ligules are 

 smooth. The styles are yellow. This plant is 

 1-4 ft. high. It flowers in July up till September, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Order Campanilace^e 



Spiked Rampion {Phytenma spicatutit, L.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is woods and thickets. 

 The habit is erect. The stem is smooth and 

 ribbed. The lower leaves are heart-shaped to 

 egg-shaped or oblong, toothed, stalked, the stem- 

 leaves spreading and bent back, stalkless, linear, 

 lance-shaped. The bracts are linear. The flowers 

 are in an oblong, terminal, solitary head, longer 

 in fruit, with yellow flowers. The styles are long, 

 and there are 2 stigmas. The capsule is 2-ceiled, 

 opening by longitudinal valves below the middle. 

 The plant is 1-3 ft. in height, flowering in May, 

 June, and Jul)-, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Spreading Bell-flower (Campanula patula, L.). 

 — The habitat of this plant is copses, thickets, and 

 hedges. The habit is erect or rosette-like. The 

 stem is rough, downy, slender, angled, the radical 

 leaves inversely egg-shaped, oblong, stalked, scal- 

 loped, the stem-leaves linear, lance-shaped, wavy. 

 The flowers are in an erect, loose, open panicle or 

 corymb, branched, spreading, blue, rarely white, 

 funnel-shaped, open, on long stalks. The corolla 

 is 5-lobed to the middle, the lobes spreading. 

 The calyx-tube is inversely conical, the segments 

 toothed, awl-like, varying in width. The capsule 

 is erect, inversely conical, the valves close under 

 the lobes of the calyx. The height of the plant is 

 1-3 ft. It flowers in July and August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Peach-leaved Bell-flower (Campanula persici- 

 folia, L.). — The habitat of this plant is woods, 

 plantations, and downs. The plant has the rosette 

 habit. The rootstock is branched, creeping, with 

 stolons. The stem is round, smooth, and bears 

 few flowers. The radical leaves are stalked, in- 

 versely egg-shaped, the stem-leaves stalkless, 

 linear, lance-shaped, blunt, toothed, long and 



narrow, leathery, with obscure nerves. The 

 flowers are blue or white, few, in a raceme, 

 large, solitary. The calyx-segments arc entire, 

 triangular, lance-shapcd. The open corolla is as 

 long as broad, the tube hemispherical, the lobes 

 erect, short. The flower-stalk is stout, with 2 bracts 

 at the base. The capsule is erect, egg-shaped, the 

 pores large. The plant is 1-2 ft. in height, flower- 

 ing in July, and is a herbaceous perennial or bi- 

 ennial. 



Great Bell-flower (Campanula latifoUa, L.). — 

 The habit.it of this plant is woods, copses, thickets, 

 and bushy places. The habit is erect. The root- 

 stock is stout and woody. The stem is stout, 

 simple, leafy, slightly angular, furrowed, downy. 

 The radical leaves are long-stalked, stiffly hairy, 

 downy below, egg-shaped, heart-shaped below, 

 the stem-leaves stalkless, bluntly toothed, oblong, 

 egg-shaped. The flowers are large, blue or white, 

 numerous, erect or partly drooping, in a raceme, 

 with many large bracts or leaves. The stalks are 

 i-flowered. The lobes of the corolla are narrow 

 and long-pointed, smooth, hairy within. The tube 

 of the calyx is broad, short, 5-ribbed, lance-shaped, 

 finely toothed, smooth, with a long, narrow point. 

 The capsule is short, erect, stalked, with basal 

 pores. The plant is 3-4 ft. high, and flowers in 

 July and August, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Nettle-leaved Bell-flower (Campanula Tra- 

 chelium, L.). — The habitat of this plant is woods, 

 copses, on dry soil, thickets and hedgtts, especially 

 in the south. The plant has the pyramidal habit. 

 The stout rootstock is short. The stem is usually 

 simple, leafy, with stiff", reversed hairs, tall, angu- 

 lar. The leaves are all stalked, coarsely toothed, 

 rough, with short hairs. The radical leaves are 

 long-stalked, heart-shaped, the upper shortly- 

 stalked, narrowed from the base, acute, egg- 

 shaped, with a long, narrow point. The flowers 

 are blue, 2-3, on each short stalk, in a raceme or 

 panicle, the flowers single or numerous, erect or 

 partly drooping, the uppermost flowers opening 

 first. The corolla is large, truly bell-shaped, the 

 lobes acute. The lobes of the calyx are entire, 

 stiffly hairy, erect, triangular, lance-shaped. The 

 capsule is drooping, with basal pores. The plant 

 is 1-3 ft. in height, flowering from July to Sept- 

 ember, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Order Ericace/e 



Strawberry Tree (Arbulus Unedo, L.). — The 

 habitat of this plant is woods. The plant has the 

 shrub habit. The stem is small, with rough bark, 

 rounded, much branched. The small branches 

 and leaf-stalks are hairy and glandular. The 

 leaves are leathery, smooth, linear, lance-shaped, 

 toothed. The flowers are numerous, nodding, in 

 a terminal, loose, smooth panicle, on short stalks, 

 cream-coloured. The sepals are short and rounded. 

 The berry is orange scarlet, tubercled, nearly 

 round. The plant is 8-10 ft. in height, flowering 

 in September and October, and is an evergreen 

 shrub. 



Intermediate Winter Crcen(Pyrola ?nedia, Sw.). 



