WOODS AND COPSES 



the lower being le.iflikc, n.irrow. The (lowers are 

 pendulous, numerous, in a raceme, nearly all on one 

 side of the stalk, jjreen, the lip purple, with white 

 or yellow marjjins. The sepals .ire broadly cgg- 

 sliaped, the petals white, ejj};r-shaped to lance- 

 shaped. The lip may be as lonjj as or shorter than 

 the lancc-shapecl sepals. The labellum is round 

 to' heart-shjiped with a bent-dowii point, broader 

 th.nn lonij, scalloped. The termln.il lobes h.ive 

 thickened ridges on the disk. The flower-stalk is 

 shorter th.in the ovary. The basal luniehes are 

 smooth. The plant is 1-3 ft. in height, flower- 

 ing in July and .August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Helleborine atroviriiiis, \V. R. Linton. — This 

 species is found in Derbyshire and elsewhere, and 

 closely resembles the last, from which it is dis- 

 tinguished by the labellum having 2 side hunches 

 and 1 median, linear hunch. 



Helleborine vt'olarea, Bor. =//*/>urpuralaf Druce. 

 —The habitat of this species is woods. The habit 

 is like that of //. latifotia. The plant grows in 

 clusters. The stem and leaves are purple-tinted. 

 The lower leaves are 3-4 by iJ-2 in., egg-shaped, 

 lance-shaped, the upper narrowed, passing into 

 slender bracts, and the latter are longer than the 

 oblong, downy ovaries. The flowers are violet- 

 purple. The sepals .ire oblong to lance-shaped, 

 more pointed than in //. lalifolia. The tip of the 

 lip is .ts broad as long, and sub-triangular, less 

 than the sepals and petals. The hunches are 

 plaited, scalloped. The stalks are shorter than 

 the downy ov,-iry. The label is longer than broad, 

 entire, with a narrow point. The plant is 1-3 ft. 

 in height, flowering in August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Large White HelIeborine(Cf///a/anMf7-« pallens. 

 Rich. = C. DamasoniitiHy Druce). — The habitat of 

 this species is woods and copses. The h.ibit is erect, 

 the stem tufted. The leaves are oval to oblong, 

 lance-shaped, the upper narrower, the bracts 

 longer than the hairless ovary. The flowers are 

 creamy-white, distant, nearly erect. The sepals 

 and petals are egg-shaped to oblong, blunt. The 

 termin.-il lobe of the lip is rounded, erect, yellow. 

 The lip has raised, longitudinal lines. The plant 

 is 9-18 in. in height, and flowers in May and June, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Narrow-leaved Helleborine {Cephalanthera ensi- 

 folia, Rich. = C. longifolta, Fritsch). — The habitat 

 of this plant is hilly woods and copses. The habit 

 is erect, the stem nearly solitary, slender. The 

 leaves are egg-shaped, lance-shaped, not so long 

 as in the last species. The bracts are not so long 

 as the hairless ovary, the upper minute. The 

 flowers are white, and narrower. The sepals, 

 especially the outer, are more .icute. The lip has 

 several raised white lines and a yellow spot in 

 front, and is blunt. The plant is 1-2 ft. in height, 

 flowering in .May, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Red Helleborine (Cephalanlltera rubra. Rich.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is woods and copses. 

 The habit is erect. The stem is slender, red- 

 tinted. The leaves are lance-shaped, acute, and 

 the bracts are longer than the glandular, downy 



ovary. The flowei-s .'ire open, few or many, 

 purple or rose colour. The lip is while, with a 

 purple border as long as the pel.ils, with many 

 wavy, longitudinal lines, the termin:il lobe egg- 

 shaped, lance-shaped. The sepals and petals 

 have a long, narrow point. The point is 6-18 in. 

 high, flowi ring in June and July, and is a herb- 

 True Military Orchis (Orchis mili/aris, L.). — 

 The habitat ol this plant is chalky hills and woods. 

 The habit is erect. The tubers are egg-shaped. 

 The leaves are l.irge, 3-5 in., oblong, blunt, con- 

 cave, without spots. The bracts are short, 1- 

 nerved. Tlie flowers are bright or pale purple, 

 in an oblong dense spike. The sep.als and petals 

 h.ive a narrow point. The petals arc pale purple 

 or white. The lip is pale, with raised rough 

 points, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, crimson, with 

 purple dots. The basal lobes are narrow, the 

 lateral lobes linear, the middle broader, suddenly 

 widened, 2 - lobed, with an intermediate tooth, 

 entire at the tip, broad. The helmet, formed by 

 the hooded sepals which include the petals, is 

 rose-coloured. The spur is about half as long as 

 the ovar)', bent down, blunt. The plant is i-ij ft. 

 high, flowering in May and June, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Monkey Orchis (Orchis Simia, Lam.). —The 

 habitat of this plant is chalky hills, woods on cal- 

 cai'eous soil. The plant is not so large as the last, 

 more slender. The bracts are minute. The lip 

 is long, narrow, i -veined, with an intermediate 

 bristle -like tooth. The lobes are equal in size 

 and resemble in form the legs, arms, and tail of 

 a monkey (hence Simia), and arc rose-purple, 

 linear, long, entire. The middle lobes are very 

 n.arrow. The sep.als are acute, meeting to form 

 an egg-shaped hood. The helmet is rose-colour 

 outside, p.iler within. The spur is half as long as 

 the ovary. The plant is 6-12 in. high, and flowers 

 in May, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Lizard Orchis (Orchis hircina, Crantz). — The 

 habitat of this plant is copses, bushy chalk hills, 

 and grassy places. The habit is erect, the stem 

 tall. The tubers are egg-shaped. The leaves are 

 mostly radical, oblong, blunt. The bracts exceed 

 the flowers. The flowers are large, purplish- 

 white, loose, in a long spike, with a hircine, goat- 

 like (hence hircina), fetid scent. The sepals and 

 petals form a green hood, the lateral sepals con- 

 niving. The lip is 3-lobed, white, with purple 

 spots below, spiral in bud, the lateral lobes wavy, 

 narrow, the middle broad, green, twisted. The 

 spur is short and conical. The pollen-glands arc 

 united. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, flowering in 

 June and July, and is a herbaceous perenni.al. 



Orchis crucnta, Muell. — This rare species is 

 found in Cumberland and Westmorland. It is 

 closely allied to O. lalifolia, but diflers in having 

 the leaves broadest in the middle, short, blunt. 

 The plant is 7-12 in. in height, and flowers in June 

 and July, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Man Orchis (Accras anthropophora, R.Br.). — 

 The habil.at of this plant is copses, pastures, dry 

 chalky places. The habit is erect. The root-knobs 



