84 



BRITISH FLORA 



Beaked P&Tslej (.I'lf/m'scKs vulgaris, Bcrnh. = 

 Anilirlsciis staiiiii.x. Heck.). — Tlie h;ibit;it of this 

 phiiil is liciljfeb.uiks, roadsides, sunny places on dry 

 soil. Tile habit is erect. The stem is branched, 

 hairless, leafy, hollow, swollen below the nodes. 

 The leaves are thrice pinnate, the leaflets are egg- 

 shaped, divided nearly to the base, the segments 

 are short, blunt, slightly hairy. The flowers are 

 small, in lateral, stalked umbels, the rays unequal. 

 There are no bracts, short, oblong bracteoles. 

 The partial involucre consists of a few leaflets 

 fringed with hairs. The fruit is egg-shaped, hairy, 

 with hooked bristles, the beak short, smooth. 

 The ultimate flower-stalks have a ring of hairs. 

 The styles are short. The plant is 1-3 ft. high, 

 flowering in May and June, and is a herbaceous 

 biennial. 



Wild CYierirW (Anfhrisais sylvestris, HofFm.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is hedgebanks, hedges, 

 and banks, woods, and shaded places. The habit 

 is erect. The stem is branched, hairy below, 

 smooth above, stout, erect, hollow, furrowed, 

 leafy, swollen below the nodes. The leaves are 

 twice to thrice pinnate, the leaflets are divided 

 nearly to the base. The bracteoles are oblong, 

 lance-shaped, fringed with hairs, green, spread- 

 ing or turned back, pink. The flowers are white, 

 in terminal stalked umbels, drooping at first, with 

 a partial involucre of several leaflets, egg-shaped, 

 lancc-shaped, fringed with hairs. The petals are 

 oblong, inversely egg-shaped, hardly notched, 

 hooded. The fruit is smooth, shining, narrowed 

 to the tip. The plant is 2-3 ft. high, flowering 

 from April to Jiuie, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Great Hartwort {Tordylium maximum, L.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is hedgebanks, waste 

 places. The plant is of erect habit. The plant is 

 hairy with short hairs turned back on the stem, 

 which is slender, erect, hollow, grooved. The 

 leaves are pinnate. The leaflets are in 1-3 pairs, 

 deeply divided nearly to the base, oblong-lance- 

 shaped, cut, toothed, the leaf-stalk sheathed. The 

 bracts and bracteoles are short and stiff, 6-8. The 

 flowers are stalkless, pink, in a small, crowded 

 umbel, with 6-8 rays, stout, short, hairy. The 

 partial involucres are linear, shorter than the 

 umbel. The outermost petals are radiant, with 2 

 equal lobes. The fruit is hairy, the margin scal- 

 loped, hairless, thickened, oblong. The styles are 

 short, stiff, and erect. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, 

 flowering from June to July, and Ls a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Okder Rlbiace/E 



Ladies' Bedstra-vy (Galium verum, L.). — The 

 habitat of this plant is sandy banks, shores, pas- 

 tures, downs, dry sandy places, &c. The habit 

 is erect or ascending. The stem is branched, 

 rather woody, 4-angled, sometimes downy. The 

 leaves are 8, in a whorl, linear, awl-like, with the 

 margins rolled back, rough above, bluntly pointed, 

 bent back, channelled above, downy below. The 

 flowers are golden-yellow, in numerous small, 

 dense, compound panicles, nearly terminal or 

 a.xillary, in a sort ot spike. The petals are blunt. 



with a short point. The fruit-slalks are spread- 

 ing. The fruit is small, black, smooth. The plant 

 is 1-2 ft. high, flowering from June to September, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Crosswort ( Galium Cruciala, Scop. ). — The habi- 

 tat of this plant is hedges, roadsides, and copses. 

 The habit is prostrate, then ascending. The root- 

 stock is creeping. The stem is simple above, 

 slender, branched below. The leaves are 4, in 

 a whorl (hence Cruciata and Crosswort), hairy 

 both sides, elliptic to oblong, egg-shaped, 3-nervcd. 

 The flowers are in axillary cymes, with bracts, the 

 flowers terminal, complete, few, on short stalks, 

 the outer male, 8, in a corymb, not so long as the 

 leaves. The fruit is rounded, with the stalk bent 

 back. The plant is 1-2 It. high, flowering in May 

 and June, and is a lurbaceous perennial. 



Great White Bedstraw (Galium Mollugo, L.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is hedges and copses. 

 The habit is prostrate, then ascending. The stem 

 is branched, 4-angled, thickened at the nodes, 

 limp, hairless or hairy. The leaves are 6-8, in 

 a whorl, inversely egg-shaped, lance-shaped, ob- 

 long, with a blunt point, the margins rough, with 

 erect or forwardly-directed prickles, slightly trans- 

 lucent, veined, hardly separate below, the leaves 

 on the main stem horizontal or bent down. The 

 flowers are small, white, numerous, in horizontal 

 or bent-down cymes, the branches of the panicle 

 broad and spreading. The petals are slightly 

 hooded. The fruit -stalks are spreading. The 

 fruit is black, shagreened, hairless. The stj'les 

 are nearly free. The plant is 1-4 ft. high, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and is a herbaceous per- 

 ennial. 



Order DipsacE/E 



Shepherd's Rod (Dipsacus pilosus, L.). — The 

 habitat of this plant is moist hedges, banks, and 

 shady places. The habit is erect. The stem is 

 slender, rough, branched, leafy, and the ribs have 

 short, soft, hair-pointed prickles. The leaves are 

 stalked, with a pair of basal leaflets, the radical 

 hairy, scalloped, the stem-leaves oblong, scalloped, 

 toothed. The white florets form a hairy, rounded 

 head, drooping in bud, longer than the involucre, 

 the numerous linear, pointed, hairy bracts bent 

 down. The scales of the receptacle are inversely 

 egg-shaped, hooked, blunt - pointed. The invo- 

 lucel, calyx-tube, and corolla are white, and very 

 hairy. The plant is 2-4 It. high, flowering in 

 .August and September, and is a herbaceous per- 

 ennial or biennial. 



Order Composit^e 



Feverfew (Chrysanthemum Parlhenium, L.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is hedges, hedgebanks, 

 and waste places. The habit is erect. The plant 

 is strong-scented. The stem is downy, branched 

 above, furrowed, panicled. The leaves are stalked, 

 pinnate, light-green, with egg-shaped, blunt, cut 

 lobes, deeply divided nearly to the base. The 

 flowerheads are numerous, corymbose. The disk 

 is yellow, the ray white or absent. The receptacle 



