LAKES, RIVERS, DITCHES, ETC. 



1 1 1 



shaped, 6-an_i;led, with carpels that separate. 

 The seeds are nuicihi^iiious. The plant is 6-18 

 in. in heiifht, flowcrinjj from June to .Aiifjiist, and 

 is a lierbaceoiis perennial. 



Canadian Waterweed or Water-Thyme (Elodett 

 canndensiStMich.v. = .tiiiu/inris n/siruis/nim, Bab.). 

 — The habitat of this plant is ponds, ditches, 

 canals, streams. The habit is aquatic. The 

 plant is dark-green, but transparent. The stems 

 are lonjr, brittle, ro\u)d, rootinj; at the nodes, 

 branched. The leaves arc in whorls of 3-4, num- 

 erous, st,ilkless, close, ov;il or oblonjj, linear or 

 lance-shaped, blunt, with small, coarse teeth. 

 The flowers are g^reenisli-purple, flo.iting', with a 

 longf, slender tube, 3-8 in., which is a. bifid spathe, 

 with a stalkless ovary below. Only the female 

 flowers are known in this country, except at Edin- 

 burgh, where the male flower has been found. 

 The sepals are broad, nearly equal, boat-shaped, 

 tinged with green and pink externally, hooded, 

 bent inwards. The pet.ils are oblong, bent-back, 

 flat, transparent. The stigma is long, round in 

 section, notched. There are no anthers. The 

 anther-stalks are .at first curved outwards, erect, 

 linear, blunt. The pl.uit is 1-4 ft. in length or 

 height, flowering from July to October, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



OrOER JrNCACE.E 



Common Hard Rush ijuums glnunis, Ehrh. = 

 J. itiflextis, L.). — The habitat of this plant is wet, 

 stiff' soils, wet places. The plant has the rush 

 habit. The stem is coarsely, deeply furrowed, 

 slender, rigid, bluish-green. The pith is inter- 

 rupted. The sheaths are dark. The leaves, if 

 present, are reduced. The panicle is much- 

 branched, loose. The perianth-segments are nar- 

 row, linear, lance-shapcd, awl-like, as long as the 

 capsule. There are 6 stamens. The capsule is 

 black, ovoid, elliptic to oblong, mucronate. The 

 plant is 1-3 ft. high, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Thread Rush {Junais fiUfomiis, L.).^The 

 habitat of this plant is lake margins, stony and 

 gravelly margins of lakes. The plant has the 

 rush habit. There is a creeping rootslock. The 

 stems are slender, finely furrowed, wiry, pale- 

 green. The pith is interrupted. There are no 

 leaves. The panicle or cyme is small, stalkless, 

 with few flowers, about the middle of the stem. 

 The perianth-segments are longer than the cap- 

 sule, lance-shaped, acute. There are 6 st.amens, 

 with anthers shorter than the anther-stalks. The 

 capsule is blunt, top-shaped, with a short, abrupt 

 point. The seeds are very small. The plant is 

 6-8 in. in height, flowering in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Order Eriocaulacf,^ 



Pipe-wort {Eriocauhn septangvlarc, With. =i?. 

 nrliailaliim, Morong.). — The habitat of this plant 

 is shallow lakes. The plant is tufted in habit. 

 The rootstock is creeping, with cellular, white 



roots of jointed fibres. The leaves are awl-like, 

 fl.ittened .it the margin, green, translucent, 

 septate, smooth. Th'e flowers arc tmisexual, 

 borne on .1 scape, twisted, with 6-8 furrows, 

 longer th.an the leaves. The flowers are 4-cleft, 

 hairy at the end, as well as the sc.iles, in a com- 

 p.ict scaly head. The fertile flowers are 4-partilc. 

 The parts arc in twos, the outer segments being 

 dark, bearded at the tip, the inner fringed with 

 hairs with a black spot at the tip. The lateral 

 flowers have the divisions keeled, fl.ittened, blunt, 

 fringed. Each flower has a scale, black and 

 blunt, shorter and broader. The anthers are 

 dark. The ovary is stalked. The capsule is 

 2-celled. The plant is 6 in. to 2 ft. high, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Order Tvimiace/E 



Sparganiiini nrglecluni, Beeby( = 5. crccluni, L.). 

 — The habitat of this plant is wet places. It has 

 been rcgiirded as a variety of 5. ramosu?ii. The 

 inflorescence is, however, less branched and 

 spreading. The stem is branched above. The 

 radical leaves are 3-angled below. The pei'ianth- 

 segments of the female flowers are narrow, i- 

 nerved, the tip enlarged. The stigma is linear 

 to lance-shaped. The ripe fruit is oblong to in- 

 versely ovoid, with obscure angles narrowed 

 gradually into a long tapering beak. The plant 

 flowers from June to August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Unbranched Bur Reed (Sparganium simpler, 

 Hud.s.). — The habitat of this plant is ditches and 

 streams, ponds, river-banks. The plant is erect 

 in habit or ascending. The stem is simple. The 

 leaves are 3-anglcd at the base, keeled, erect, 

 long, floating, with flat sides. The heads are 

 numerous, racemose. The male heads are sev- 

 eral, yellow, stalkless. The female are stalked, 

 especially below. The stigma is linear, awl-like. 

 The fruit is a drupe, shortly-stalked, more or less 

 spindle-shaped, elliptic, narrowed both ends. The 

 beak is long. The seeds are smooth. The plant 

 is 1-3 ft. high, flowering in July and August, and 

 is a herbaceous perennial. 



True Floating Bur Reed (Spargajiiunt nnhtns, 

 L.=5. ajffiiie, Schultz).— The habitat of thi;; plant 

 is lakes, ditches, pools. The habit is as in the 

 last. The stem is simple, limp, rather thick, sub- 

 erect in flower, leafy, floating above. The leaves 

 .arc floating, flat at the base, not keeled, long, 

 linear, limp, the base swollen, sheathing, concave, 

 grass-green. The heads are racemose, numerous, 

 distant, stalked, the lower fertile ones, the male 

 heads numerous, stalkless. The stigma is tongue- 

 shaped, linear to lance-shaped. The fruit is a 

 drupe, stalked, oblong, not longer than the beak, 

 which is long, awl-like, spindle-shaped. The 

 plant is 1-3 ft. long, flowering in July and August, 

 ,Tnd is a herbaceous perennial. 



Sparganiiini minimum^ Fr. — The habitat of this 

 plant is lakes and ditches. The stem is simple, 

 limp, slender. The leaves are linear, floating, 

 biunt, not swollen below, pale, long, transparent. 



