BOGS AND MARSHES 



139 



a short terminal point or style. The plant is 

 6-10 in. hijjh, flowerini,' between June and Aiiifiisl, 

 and is a herbaceous ainuial. 



Creeping Marsh Marigold (Calllia radiains, 

 Forst.). — The habitat ol this species is wet siib- 

 aipinc spots. The liabit is creepin;;, the plant 

 rooting at the joints. It differs Ironi the common 

 form C. ptiliislris in a few essentials. The radical 

 leaves are trianttular, .iciitely toothed, scalloped, 

 small, obscurely 5-angled, blunt below, or kidney- 

 shaped. The base of the le.il' is nearly at rijjht 

 angles to the stalk. The sep.ils are not touching 

 and are narrow. The height olthe plant is S-14 in. 

 It flowers between .Xpril and July, .ind is ,1 herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Order CrlcifeR/E 



Bitter Cress (Cariiamine Jlexiiosa, With.). -The 

 habitat of this plant is moist shady places, sw.imps 

 in woods. The habit is the rosette habit. The 

 root is fibrous, oblique. The stem is wavy (hence 

 the specific Latin name). There are few radical 

 leaves, with lobes each side of a common stalk, 

 the lower leaflets rounded, lobed, angled, toothed. 

 The upper leaves h.ave narrower lobes. There 

 are no stipules. The flowers are white, with 

 sm.all erect petals, twice as long as the calyx. 

 There are 6 stamens. The style is slender, long. 

 The flower-stalks are at right angles, the pods 

 erect. The plant is 6-12 in. in height. It flowers 

 from .-Vpril to September. It is perennial or bi- 

 ennial, or according to some annual, according to 

 situation. 



Order Violace.e 



Bog Violet (Viola paltislris, L.).— The habitat 

 of this plant is wet and boggy places, swamps, 

 and bogs. The habit is the loose rosette habit. 

 The rootstock is stoloniferous, the stolons under- 

 ground, rooting, with stipules and leaves at the 

 nodes. The stipules are egg-shaped to lance- 

 shaped, membranous, with glandular teeth. The 

 leaves are few, heart-shaped to kidney-shaped, 

 entire, hairless, or rarely hairy. The flowers are 

 few, scentless, pale or dark lilac, with dark branch- 

 ing veins. The sepals are oval, blunt, with mem- 

 branous borders. The spur is flat, blunt, longer 

 than the calyx appendages. The anther-spurs 

 are curved, short, and thick. The stigma is 

 flattened. The capsule is hairless, nodding. The 

 fruit-stalk is erect. The plant is 3-6 in. high, 

 flowering from .April to July, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Haller's Dog Violet (Viola slagniiia. Kit.).— 

 The habitat of this plant is bogs, fens, turf bogs. 

 The habit is the loose rosette habit, soboliferous. 

 The rootstock is creeping, horizontally, with dis- 

 tinct plants at the intemodes, subercct, and 

 branched. The lower stipules are brown, narrow, 

 nearly entire, the middle ones green, lance-shaped, 

 toothed or nearly entire, not half as long as the 

 stalks, the upper shorter, narrower, long-pointed. 

 The lower leaves arc oblong to lance - shaped, 

 more or less heart-shaped, blunt below, the leaf- 



stalks often irregularly winged above, longer Ih.in 

 the blades, the niidille with blades longer than the 

 Icftf-stalks, the upper narrowed to an acute blunt 

 apex, pale-green, hairless, cut or toothed. The 

 flowers are small, blue or nearly white, round in 

 outline, the sepals egg-sh;iped to awl-shaped, with 

 a white margin, the bracts slender near the curv.i- 

 ture of the spur. The spur is green, little longer 

 than the calycine appendages, the anther spurs 

 short, curved, nearly .as broad as long. The 

 capsule is hairless, egg-shaped, acute, bluntly 3- 

 angled. The plant is 2-6 in. high, flowering in 

 May and June, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Order CARVoriivLi..\CE/E 



Glaucous Stitchwort (Slcltaria paluslris, Retz. 

 = S. g/ai,m. Willi.).— The habitat of this plant is 

 ni.-irshy jjlaces. The habit is grass-like. The stem 

 is erect, we;ik, smooth, angular, the whole pUint 

 bluish -green (hence glaitca), hairless, 4 -angled. 

 The leaves are narrow, stalkless, with even 

 borders, linear-oblong to lance-shaped, acute, 

 the lower broader. The flowers are few, distant, 

 white, solitary, or in a loose, panicled cyme, or 

 in the axils. The br.'icts are membranous. The 

 petals are notched or divided into two, with linear 

 segments, longer than the 3-nerved, lance-shaped 

 sepals. The sepals are acute, with a broad mem- 

 branous margin. The capsule is oblong to egg- 

 shaped, as long as the calyx. The plant is 1-2 ft. 

 high, flowering from May to August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Order Hvpi-ricace/E 



St. John's Wort (Hypericum undulalum, 

 Schousb.). — The habitat of this plant is bogs. 

 The habit is erect. The stem is slender, branched, 

 4-edged. The leaves are oblong, wa\y at the 

 edge (hence utidulatuiii), bent down, with numer- 

 ous transparent dots, netted with transparent 

 veins (as arc the stem edges and sepals), with 

 black dots on the margins below, the dots numer- 

 ous and uniform. The flowers are j'ellow, in loose, 

 much-branched cymes. The sepals are erect, 

 egg-shaped to lance-shaped, acute, with blunt 

 scallops, glandular, with a long, fine point. The 

 petals are narrow, tinged on the outside on one 

 longitudinal half wilh red. The anthers have a 

 black spot. The styles are half as long as the 

 sepals, spreading, not half as long as the capsule. 

 The carpels have many villa;. The plant is 2-3 ft. 

 high, flowering in July and August, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Bog St. John's Wort (Hypericum elodes, L.). — 

 The habitat of this plant is spongy bogs, wet 

 moors, Jind ditches. The habit is ascending or 

 creeping. The plant is shaggy, rooting below. 

 The stems are round, creeping, numerous, pros- 

 trate below, then ascending, leafy. The leaves 

 are round to egg-shaped, or oblong to heart- 

 shaped, stalkless, shaggy, half-clasping, with 

 small pellucid to dotted gl.inds. The flowers are 

 pale-yellow, in few-flowered terminal and axillary 



