OX-EYF. DAISY 57 



Marcjuerites are comiiKmly 2 li. in lui^lil. Tlif llowcrs may lie 

 gathered in June and July. 1 hr plaiu is [n-rcnnial, iiuTfasrtl 1)\ ili\i- 

 sion of rodts. 



The tloucrhcad is l.ir^u ami conspicLioiis, 40 mm. across. VUv. 

 plant is gynomonciicious, thi' ray florets female, the tlisk llorels com- 

 plete. The ray tlorets are lij^ulate, the di.sk llorets tiihular. In the 

 disk. 12 15 mm. across, there are 300 to 500 llorels. 'Ihe corolla 

 is 3 mm. loni;'. Thr r,i\ llorets are 20 to 25, and [)ossess fimclionless 

 stamens. The ray llorets ha\e a white external lii^iile, 14 iS mm. 

 loni;' and 3 ^ mm. broad. 



The throat ot the disk llorets is short, hartlly i mm., ami the honey 

 is therefore accessible to shori-li[)ped insects, in the male sta^e the 

 pollen rises above the toothed corolla, in the second or female stage 

 the stigmas take the place of the anthers, ami are projecting. When 

 an insect crawls across the ca])ituhim it therefore cross-pollinates many 

 florets. Spreading hairs on the style form a tuft which sweeps the 

 pollen out of the tube as the style grows longer. Two separate broad 

 nnvs of papilla; border the style below the tip, ami pollen lies on 

 the outer edges, so that self-pollination results if the pollen is not 

 removed by insects, and when they do not visit the tlower it regularly 

 occurs. 



The plant is visited by insects, Hymenoptera, 1 )iptera, Le[)idoi)tera, 

 and Coleoptera. 



The fruits are aided in their dispersal by the wind, being light and 

 flattened. 



The Marguerite is essentially a sand-soil lover. It may bt; found, 

 however, on clay soil to some e.xtent also, growing on sandy loam. 



Phytoviyza affiiiis mines the leaves. Three beetles, Ccii/or/iviicf/tis 

 caDipestris, Loiigitarstis Icrvis, Mandira clirysanthciui\ two moths, 

 Sciaphila wah/bomiaiia, Ihtcciilatrix aitri)uaculella\ a Homopterous 

 insect, Aplialara picla; and the flies Tepln-itis Icontodoiilis, Spilo- 

 grapha artemisice, S. Zocs, Cliromatoviyia albiccps. all {vc(\ upon it. 



ChrysanthcDiitvi is from the Greek words, c/irysos, gold, and aii//ios, 

 flower. Lciicaiif/iciinini, Dioscorides, is from the Greek /ciicos. white, 

 anthos, flower. 



The O.x-eye Daisy is calletl White liothen, Hoz/om, Caten-aroes, 

 Cow's Eyes, Daisy (Big, Bull, Ikitter, Devil's, Dog, Dun or Dunders, 

 Field, Great, Horse, London, .Midsummer, Moon, 0.\-eye, Poor-land, 

 Thunder), Daisy Goldins, Large Dicky Daisy, Dog-flower, Espibawn, 

 Gadgevraw, Gadjerwraws, Girt 0.\ Eye, White Gold, Goode, Gowan 

 (Horse, Large, White), White Gowlan, White Gull, Horse-pennies, 



