6o i-"i.()\vi:rs ok thk iii'.y.DS and meadows 



its foot cured by tin- plain. The specilic name, ii/oi-a, is Latin for 

 Mack. I\na]nvc(<l is llic same as Knoliweed, from its knob-like head. 

 So common a llower is certain to be known b\- a variety ol' names, 

 sucli as Hachelor's Iiuttons, iSallwced, lielweed, iilack Soa]), Blue 

 Tops, l^olevveed, Dolwcs, llowwced, ISowwood, ISullweed, liunds, 

 lUmdweed, Buttoiiweed, Centaury, Great or More Centaury, ("hurls- 

 head, Clolnveed, Club-weed, Cnop-wort, Cockheads, Codvveetl, Crop- 

 weed, Oarbotllc, 1 )rumsiick, 1 lardheail. I lardhcad 1 lorsc, 1 lai\l-iron, 

 1 lareboltle, 1 larsh-vveed, Horse 1 lardhead, Norse Knobs. 1 lorse 

 Knops, Horse Knot, Horse-snap, 11 in-t-sickle, H\rnehard. Iron- 

 heads, Iron-weed, Knapweed, Knobweed, Knop-weed, Knot-i^Tass, 

 Knotweed, Lady's Cushion, Logger-heads, Matfellon, Shaving-brush, 

 Sweeps, Tarbotlle, Tassel, \'ronhard. 



Knapweed was called Ikillweed because; cattle were said to be tond 

 of it, anil Churl's Head from its rough hairy head, Codweed because 

 the head is like a pudding bag. Drumstick is applied because the 

 head is like a tlrumstick, Hor.seknot from being used in divination, 

 and Knobweed from the round head. 



In Chaucer's day it was called Matfellon. and it was one of the 

 ingredients of the ointment "Save" tor woLmds and the pestilence. It 

 was also used to promote appetite, with pepper. 



E.s,sENTiAL Specific Characters: — 



174. Centaurca nigra, L. — Stem erect, rigid, furrowed, radical 

 leaves lyrate, lobed, upper lanceolate, flowerheads purple, with ray 

 or not, phyllaries with black fringe, pappus tufted. 



Long-rooted Cat's Ear ( H\i)ocha-ris radicata, L.) 



Like the Hawkweeds, except the Mouse-ear Hawkweed, this is 

 apparently (|uite a modern Composite. At the present day it is found 

 in the Northern Temperate Zone in Europe, and N. Africa. In Great 

 ISritain it is found everywhere, except in Roxburgh, as far north as 

 the Orkneys. In the Highlands one may find it growing at a height 

 of 1600 ft., and it is native in Ireland and the Channel Islands. 



The Cat's Ear is one of those exceedingly familiar meadow plants 

 that are to be found practically in every field and meadow throughout 

 the length and breadth of the land. 



It is perhaps more partial to lowland districts, though it is also 

 found on hills, and at high elevations. Like Hawksbeard it is found 

 also on waste ground and along the wayside. 



The aerial stems are scapes, or flowering stems. A characteristic 



^ 



