148 mx)\vj:rs of thk cornmj^lds 



A fungus, Pcronospora niyosotidis, attacks the leaves. Two moths, 

 Ancscychia pitsicila and A. dccoiigittlclla, and a tl)-, CliroDialonivia 

 albipcs. are the chief insect pests. 



LilliospcniiKiii, Dioscorides, is from the Greek /ilhos. stone, and 

 spcnua, seetl, alkidinL;- to the hard sionc-like seeds; and arvcnsc indi- 

 cates its occurrence on arahle huul. 



Gromwcll is possibly from i^raniivi milii. It is called J5astard 

 Alkanet, Lichwale, Painting Root, Pearl-plant. Salfern. Corn (irom- 

 wcll is called Painling Root because girls in the nordi were said to 

 paint their faces with the juice; of the root on festival ilays. 



The ston)- seeds were, b\- the "Doctrine C)f Signatures", used in 

 cases of "Stone", hence lich wale, lythe wale, and stone switch. A 

 red dye has been j^repared from it for paper and linen. In .Sweden 

 the women stain their faces with it as rouge. The dye is readiU 

 applied to oily substances, hence the name Bastard Alkanet. 



Essential Si-pxific Characters: — 



218. Lithospcrnntm arvense, L. — .Stem erect, branched, leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, hispid, flowers creamy-white, nutlets tuberculate. 



Small Snapdragon (Antirrhinum Orontlum, L.) 



This is a southern type of plant, and does not occur in early 

 deposits. It is found in the X. Temperate Zone. South of Denmark, 

 North Africa, N. and W. Asia, N.W. India, and is introduced in N. 

 America. In Great Britain it is found in the Peninsula, Channel, 

 Thames, and Anglia provinces, except in Hunts and Xorthants; in the 

 Severn province, except in Monmouth and Warwick. In S. Wales 

 it is found in Glamorgan, Carmarthen, Pembroke; in X. Wales in 

 Merioneth, Carnarvon, Denbigh, Anglesey; and in X.E. York and 

 Cumberland. It is very rare in Ireland, and occurs in the Channel 

 Islands. It was regarded by Watson entirely as a colonist. 



The Small Snapdragon is found chiefly on chalky and cretaceous 

 soils in the south and centre of England, especially in cornfields, but 

 sometimes on railway banks; and in cultivated ground it is accom- 

 panied by such plants as Mousetail, Larkspur, Candytuft, Flax, Corn- 

 flower, Venus's Looking Glass, and similar southern types of plants. 



The Small Snapdragon is a simple or branched, erect, hairy- 

 stemmed, low plant, with the leaves linear, narrowly elliptical, without 

 stalks, opposite below, the upper ones alternate, turned back, and entire. 



The flowers are reddish, .solitary, stalkless, in the axils or in a leafy 

 raceme, with a calvx with 5 linear segments that do not tall, ecjualling 



