MARRAM (;|^\SS 



'5 



Marram (irass is j, 

 JuK. I'lir plain is 



lono- sheaths at the base, and the h-iilc is torn, lon;^. aiul si)Ht into two 

 portions. 



The panicle is cylindrical, linear, stouter in the midtlle. The ykimes 

 are lono-, acute, with hairs a third as lon^ as the palea. The anthers 

 are ncIIow antl linr.ii-. 



or 4 f(. hi^^h. I'Mowers may he lound 

 [)erennial, [iropagated by division, and 

 widely jilanted. 



The flowers are bi- 

 sexual, and pollinated b\' 

 the wind. There are 

 3 stamens, short styles, 

 and leathery stigmas. 

 The anthers are yellow 

 and linear. 



The fruit is attached 

 to the ^iume, and is dis- 

 persed by the latter In" 

 aid of the wind. 



The plant is a .salt- 

 lover and orows in saline 

 soil, and is at the same 

 time a sand jilant, and 

 grows in the .santl. - - .^ . - 



It is attacked by a ' - ^ -^ 



fungus. UstilagO hypO- MAKK^^, ...v.. ,./ ,. ., 



dytes, and is galled by 



Itiiryf oil/a hyalipeniiis. A Heteropterous insect, Llnvosonia sc/ii/Z/i/oi, 



and a Homopterous in,sect. Liburiiia boldi, are fountl on .Marram 



(irass. 



A))nuopltila is from the Greek psa»inios {— aiiDi/os), sand, and 

 phileo, I love, and the second Latin name refers to the .sand\- habitat. 

 Marram, Danish Markahii = sea haulm or straw. 



This plant is called Bent, Broad lient. Ilelme. Marram, Mat-grass, 

 Mat Reed, Signs, Spire, Stare. 



On account of the long creeping rhizomes it is used for binding- 

 sand together, and has helped to reclaim much land on the east C(5ast. 

 It is both planted and encouraged on the Norfolk and other coasts, 

 having rhizomes 30 ft. long sometimes, which are u.sed as roj)es. It 

 is used for thatching. So im[K)rtant was the service it rendered in 

 staving back the advance of the sea that it was hekl to be penal to 



