88 ALIEN FLORA OF BRITAIN 



Echinophora capitata, Desf. Native of seashores in 

 the Mediterranean area. Once recorded as a wool-refuse 

 casual in England. Its adhesive fruits render it par- 

 ticularly likely to be carried in wool. 



lEchinophora spinosa, L. A native of maritime sands 

 from Western France to Western Asia. It does not 

 reach the north of Europe as a native, and Ray's record 

 of the species from the coasts of Lancashire and Kent 

 probably refers to plants introduced with ships' ballast. 



Palcaria vulgaris, Bernh. A native of the south-east 

 of Europe, becoming a weed of cultivated places and 

 roadsides in that region and beyond it from England 

 to Persia. 



Heracleum giganteuin, Fisch. A native of shady 

 spots in the more rocky parts of the Caucasus. Widely 

 cultivated in gardens in Britain. It has been noticed 

 in a semi-wild state near places where it has been 

 cultivated. 



Levisticum officinale, Koch. A native of the moun- 

 tains of Southern and Eastern Europe. A cultivated 

 plant which has been found casually in Britain. 



Hyrrhis odorata, Scop. A species having all the 

 appearance of an abundant native in some parts of Central 

 England. There is, however, considerable reason to 

 regard it as a naturalised introduction. It is not men- 

 tioned by the earlier botanists ; it is not known, except 

 as an introduction, in Northern France or Belgium 

 (though it is native in Scandinavia and Germany). It 

 has been cultivated in former times for its medicinal 



