126 ALIEN FLORA OF BRITAIN 



meadows from France to Siberia. Occasionally re- 

 corded from waste ground in England. 



Tragopogon porrifolius, L. Native in grassy places 

 in Southern Europe. Long cultivated in Northern 

 Europe as a vegetable {Salsify)^ and now often noticed 

 in a semi-naturalised state near gardens where it has 

 been cultivated. 



Villanova dissecta, DC. Native of Peru. Recorded 

 as a casual in waste ground near Hull Dock, and 

 elsewhere in connection with grain aliens. 



Volutarella muricata, Benth. and Hook. f. Recorded 

 by Mr. Britten in the Journal of Botany, 1863, p. 375, 

 on waste ground near Kew Bridge. It is a native of 

 Morocco. 



Xanthimn spiuosum, L. The species is now so widely 

 spread along many of the trade routes of the world, 

 and especially about large towns, and has become 

 so abundant, that it is difficult to determine where it 

 is truly indigenous. Substantial claims have been 

 advanced for the Steppes of Russia and for South 

 America as its home, but, at any rate, it is clearly not 

 native in Western Europe, where it was first observed 

 in the year 1700. 



Xanthimn Strumarium, L. A rare weed of waste 

 ground in England. It is very widely spread in all 

 parts of the world, probably on account of the great 

 tenacity of its fruits, which adhere to any but the 

 smoothest surfaces, and are therefore liable to be 

 carried on bales of merchandise and other distributing 

 media. 



