GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS 
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Quadri-; in words of Latin origin, four, as 
quadrangular, four-angled. 
Raceme; a flower-cluster, with one-flowered pe- 
dicels arranged along the sides of a com- 
mon peduncle. 
Racemose; in racemes or raceme-like. 
Rachis; the axis of an inflorescence or other 
body. 
Radiate; spreading from a common center. 
Radical; belonging to the root; apparently 
coming from the root. 
Ray; parts diverging from a center; the mar- 
ginal flowers of a head as in many Com- 
positae. 
Ray-flowers; the marginal flowers in the heads 
of many Compositae. 
Receptacle; the axis of a flower or the common 
axis or support of a head of flowers. 
Recurved; curved outward or backward. 
Reflexed; bent outward or backward. 
Regular; all the parts of each set of organs 
similar in shape. 
Reniform; kidney-shaped. 
Repand; wavy-margined. 
Reticulate; the veins forming a network. 
Retuse; an obtuse apex somewhat indented. 
Revolute; rolled backward. 
Rhizome; a rootstock. 
Rhomboidal; approaching a rhomb in shape, an 
equilateral, oblique-angled figure. 
Rib; the principal piece, or one of the principal 
pieces of the framework of a leaf, or any 
similar elevated line along a body. 
Rootstock; root-like stems on or under ground. 
Rostrate; bearing a beak or a prolonged ap- 
pendage. 
Rosulate; in a rosette or cluster of spreading 
leaves. 
Rotate; wheel-shaped.. 
Rotund; rounded or roundish in outline. 
Rudimentary; imperfectly developed. 
Rugose; wrinkled. 
Ruminate; looking as though chewed. 
Saccate; bag-shaped. 
Sagittate; shaped like an arrow head. 
Salver-shaped; flowers with a slender tube, the 
border spreading at right angles. 
Samara; an indehiscent winged fruit. 
Saprophyte; a plant without chlorophyll, grow- 
ing in decaying organic matter. 
Scabrid; somewhat rough. 
Scabrous; rough or harsh to the touch. 
Sealy; furnished with scales, or scale-like in 
texture. 
Scandent; climbing. 
Scape; a peduncle rising from the ground or 
near it, and bearing one or more flowers. 
Scorpioid; curved or circinnate at the end. 
Secund; turned to one side. 
Seed; the fertilized and mature ovule of a 
flowering plant. 
Segment; a subdivision or lobe of any cleft 
body. 


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Semi-; in compound words of Latin origin, 
half, as semiaquatic, half aquatic. 
Sepal; a division of the calyx. ' 
Sepaloid; sepal-like. 
Septate; divided by partitions. 
Septicidal; capsules opening by 
through the partitions. 
Septum; a partition. } 
Seriate; in rows, as biseriate, in two rows. 
Sericeous; silky. b 
Serrate; the margin cut into sharp teeth point- 
ing forward. 3 
Serrulate; same as the last, but with fine teeth. 
Sessile; without any stalk. 
Seta; a bristle. 
Setaceous; bristle-like. 
Setose; covered with bristles. 
Sheath; the base of certain leaves which en- 
wrap the stem, as in the grasses. 
Sheathing; wrapped around the stem. 
Shrub; a woody plant like a small tree but less 
than 4 to 5 m in height, or by some con- 
fined to similar plants which have no dis- 
tinct trunk. 
Silky; with a coat of fine, soft, shining, close- 
appressed, straight hairs. 
Silvery; shining, white, like silver. 
Simple; of one piece, as opposed to compound. 
Sinuate; a deeply wavy margin. 
Sinus; the re-entering angle between two lobes 
or projections. 
Slender; long and thin. 
Smooth; not rough. 
Solitary; single. 
Sorus; a fruit-dot or cluster of sporangia in 
ferns; plural, sori. 
Spadix; a fleshy spike of flowers. 
Spathaceous; spathe-like. 
Spathe; a bract which encloses an inflores- 
cence, as in the Araceae. 
Spatulate; shaped like a spatula, that is, ob- 
long, much narrowed at the base. 
Spicate, Spiciform; resembling a spike. 
Spike; an inflorescence like a raceme but with 
sessile flowers. 
Spikelet; the inflorescence of grasses, one or 
more flowers subtended by a common pair 
of glumes or scales. 
Spine; a sharp hard thorn. 
Spinescent; tipped by a thorn. 
Spinose; thorny. 
Spiral; corkscrew-like in arrangement. 
Sporangium; the spore-case in ferns. 
Spore; the microscopic reproductive cells of 
the ferns and other cryptogams. 
Sporocarp; the capsule or body inclosing the 
spores. 
Spur; any projecting appendage of the flower. 
Squamose; furnished with scales. 
Squamiform; shaped like a scale. 
Stalk; the stem, petiole, peducle, ete. 
Stamen; the male organs of the flower. 
Staminate; furnished with stamens. 
Standard; the upper petal of a papilionaceous 
corolla. 
splitting 
