KEY TO THE FAMILIES 33 . 
Vertical; upright. Waxy; resembling beeswax in texture or ap- 
Verticil; a whorl. pearanee. 
Verticillate; whorled. Wedge-shaped; broad above, tapering by 
-Villose; shaggy with long and soft hairs. straight lines to a narrow base. 
Vine; any plant with a trailing or climbing Whorl; an arrangement of leaves, or other 
stem. organs in circles around the stem, or axis. 
Viscid; having a sticky surface. Whorled; arranged in whorls. 
Voluble; twining. Wing; any thin expansion. 
Winged; furnished with a wing. 
Wavy; the surface or margin alternately convex Woolly; clothed with long and entangled soft 
and concave. hairs. 
KEY TO THE FAMILIES * 
1. Plants without flowers or seeds, reproduced by means of spores. 
I. PTERIDOPHYTA 
1. Plants with flowers that produce seeds........................ II. SPERMATOPHYTA 
I. PTERIDOPHYTA . 
1. Leaves broad, entire or variously dissected, large in proportion to the 
stem. 
2. Spores minute, of one kind only; leaves entire or variously pinnately 
dissected, small to large. 
3. Erect, not twining. 
4. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants; sporangia wines in sori, the 
annulus opening transversely................ 1. Polypodiaceae (p. 45) 
4. Plants growing in mud or in shallow water; sporangia scattered, 
the annulus opening vertically................ 2. Parkeriaceae (p. 59) 
Sumlender twine plantas 1020200. 3. Schizaeaceae (p. 60) 
2. Spores of two kinds, minute microspores, and larger macrospores borne 
in sporocarps; leaves 4-foliolate; plants growing in mud or in 
PENN Waters es 20 DO Bk a Oey ase: 4, Marsiliaceae (p. 61) 
1. Leaves small, entire, very numerous, scale-like or awl-like, on elongated, 
simple or branched stems. 
2. Spores all alike, of one kind and size................ 5. Lycopodiaceae (p. 61) 
2. Spores of two kinds, small microspores and larger macrospores. 
6. Selaginellaceae (p. 63) 
II, SPERMATOPHYTA 
1. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary, these and the seeds borne on the face of 
A adare ornibract; stigmasxnonesijsets eon wie. I. GYMNOSPERMAE 
, 2. Palm-like plants with stout trunks and stiff, fern-like, pinnate leaves, 
the male flowers in dense cones, the female ones few on specialized 
Nd a SODA ale aa Oe NO ss Mav's ETE Mile OMe St LE 7. Cycadaceae (p. 64) 
1. Ovules borne in a closed cavity (ovary) ; stigmas present. 
II. ANGIOSPERMAE 
2. Cotyledon 1; vascular bundles scattered; leaves usually (not always) 
parallél-vemhedine =... disease. A. Monocotyledoneae (p. 34) 
2. Cotyledons 2; vascular bundles usually arranged in rings; leaves 
piCcini's UA: v bc cls aie Slee Rees | 0 hie sb B. Dicotyledoneae (p. 35) 


*In this artificial key to the families, account is taken only of the 
characters of those species included in the present work. For a key to all 
the known families represented in the Philippine flora see Copeland, E. B., 
“Key to the Families of Vascular Plants in the Philippine Islands.” Bureau 
of Education Bull. 24. 
111555——3 
