KEY TO THE FAMILIES 43 
4. Erect or suberect, suffrutescent or shrubby plants with perfect, 
elongated, showy flowers, the calyx viscid-glandular. 
109. Plumbaginaceae (p. 361) 
2. Stamens partly adnate to the corolla. 
8. Stamens opposite the lobes of the corolla, as many as the lobes or 
more numerous. 
4. Ovary of several free or nearly free carpels; succulent herbs. 
61. Crassulaceae (p. 217) 
4. Ovary of a single carpel or of several united ones. 
5. Ovary 1-celled. 
6. Erect, normally unbranched trees with milky juice, large 
palmately lobed leaves, dioecious flowers, and large, fleshy, 
many-seeded fruits................---------.--.- 94. Caricaceae (p. 337) 
6. Shrubs, trees, or woody vines with watery juice; small, usually 
perfect aioe undivided leaves; and small 1-seeded fruits. 
109. Myrsinaceae (p. 360) 
5. Ovary several- hea trees. 
6. Styles or stigmas distinct; flowers mostly unisexual; juice 
AN eA EER iad Sebel Se Alea 111. Ebenaceae (p. 363) 
6. Styles and stigmas united; flowers mostly perfect; juice milky. 
110. Sapotaceae (p. 362) 
3. Stamens fewer than the lobes of the regular corolla and alternate 
: with them; woody shrubs or vines...............- 112. Oleaceae (p. 364) 
3. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla in regular flowers 
and alternate with the lobes, or sometimes fewer in irregular 
flowers. 
4. Carpels distinct, at least below, sometimes united at the apex by 
the styles; plants with milky juice. 
5. Styles united; stamens distinct; pollen of loose grains; shrubs, 
trees, or woody vines................-....--- 116. Apocynaceae (p. 368) 
5. Styles distinct, united by the stigma only; stamens usually 
united; pollen united in waxy masses or the grains in groups 
of four; herbs or vines................ 117. Asclepiadaceae (p. 375) 
4. Carpels entirely united. 
5. Ovary 1-celled. 
6. Flowers irregular. 
7. Aquatic submerged herbs with inflated bladder-like leaves, 
or delicate, unbranched, leafless or nearly leafless herbs 
growing in damp places.....128. Lentibulariaceae (p. 432) 
7. Terrestrial herbs or shrubs with broad leaves. 
127. Gesneriaceae (p. 481) 
6. Flowers regular or nearly so; erect unbranched herbs with 
Opposite leaves, UN tees. 115. Gentianaceae (p. 367) 
5. Ovary 2- or falsely 4-celled. 
6. Leaves with stipules or stipular scars. 
114. Loganiaceae (p. 366) 
6. Stipules none. 
7. Flowers regular. 
8. Herbs with radical leaves and small scarious flowers in 
dense elongated spikes; capsules small, circumsciss. 
130. Plantaginaceae (p. 444) 
8. Flowers not scarious nor in dense spikes; fruit not 
circumsciss. 
