58 A FLORA OF MANILA 
On dry ledges San Juan del Monte, and occasional on walls and trees in 
Manila; throughout the Philippines. Tropical Africa through Asia to 
Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia. 
14. CYCLOPHORUS Desvaux 
Epiphytic, more rarely terrestrial ferns, the rootstocks creeping, scaly, 
the stipes not jointed to the rootstock. Fronds coriaceous, simple, usually 
elongated, entire, both surfaces with few to many, scattered or densely 
arranged stellate hairs, the veins anastomosing, not apparent. Sori round, 
sometimes hidden in the tomentum, entirely covering the lower surface 
or parts of the lower surface of the fertile fronds, the sterile fronds usually 
different in shape from the fertile ones. Indusium none. (Greek “circle” 
and “to bear,” allusion to the round sori.) 
Species about 70 in all tropical countries, about 10 in the Philippines. 
1. C. adnascens (Sw.) Desv. 
An epiphytic fern, the slender wiry rootstock widely creeping, branched, 
densely covered with appressed brown scales. Stipes 2 to 5 cm high, 
puberulent. Fronds dimorphous, coriaceous, oblong to lanceolate, 4 to 10 
cm long, 1 to 1.5 em wide, the fertile ones linear-lanceolate, narrower, 10 to 
20 em long, both surfaces slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous, the veins 
obsolete. Sori distinct but closely crowded, densely pubescent between 
them, occupying the entire lower surface, except the midrib, of the upper 
one-half to two-thirds of the frond. 
Occasional on trees, Singalon, Paco, etc.; widely distributed in the 
Philippines. Tropical Asia to Polynesia. 
’ 
15. DRYNARIA J. Smith 
Coarse, usually epiphytic ferns with very stout, densely pdaleaceous, 
creeping rootstocks. Fronds of two kinds very dissimilar in shape and 
appearance, (1) sterile humus-gathers, at first green, soon becoming brown, 
sessile, coriaceous, concave, shining, variously lobed, and (2) ordinary 
fronds, large, green, deeply simply pinnately lobed; veins copiously anasto- 
mosing and emitting free included veinlets. Sori numerous, dorsal, borne 
on the veins, exindusiate. (Greek “oak-like,” from the resemblance of 
the sterile humus-gathering leaves to the leaves of the oak.) 
Species about 15, tropical Asia to Polynesia, 4 in the Philippines. 
Sterile bract-like humus-gathering fronds large, 20 to 30 cm in length; 
lower lobes of the ordinary fronds little or not at all reduced. 
1. D. quercifolia 
Sterile bract-like humus-gathering fronds small, not exceeding 6 cm in 
length; lower lobes of the ordinary fronds much reduced.. 2. D. descensa 
1. D. quercifolia (L.) Bory. 
Rootstock very stout, somewhat fleshy, very densely covered with narrow 
brown scales about 1 cm long. Humus-gathering fronds brown and shin- 
ing when mature, ovate, coriaceous, somewhat imbricate, 20 to 30 cm in 
length, 15 to 20 cm wide, concave, shallowly lobed below, deeply so above. 
Stipes of the ordinary fronds stout, 15 to 30 cm long, narrowly winged, 
