TYPHACEAE > 65 
Leaflets about 5 mm wide, strongly revolute, pubescent on the lower surface. 
1. C. revoluta 
Leaflets about 1 cm wide, flat or nearly so, entirely glabrous. 
*g 2. C. circinalis 
*1. C. REVOLUTA Thunb. 
Trunk stout, cylindric, marked with prominent scars, simple, with us 
usually not exceeding 1 m in height. Leaves very numerous, crowded, 
spreading, 0.5 to 1.5 m long, the leaflets very numerous, close, linear, 
sharply and’ slenderly acuminate, those in the middle up to 18 em long, 
about 5 mm wide, toward the base gradually shorter, the basal few 
reduced to sharp spines, coriaceous, revolute, glabrous on the upper sur- 
face, pubescent beneath. 
Commonly cultivated in Manila and in some of the larger towns in the 
Philippines, rarely or never flowering here. A native of China and Japan, 
now cultivated in many other countries. 
2. C. circinalis L. Pitogo (Tag.); Oliva (Sp.-Fil.). 
Trunk stout, with us rather short, but in some regions said to attain a 
height of 12 m, and up to 50 cm or more in diameter, usually unbranched. 
Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 m long, crowded at the apex of the trunk, the leaflets 
20 to 30 cm long, about 1 cm wide, flat or nearly so, glabrous and shining, 
falcate, 45 to 90 or more on each side of the midrib, sharply and slenderly 
acuminte, the lower ones reduced to spines. Male cones terminal, elongated- 
cylindric to ovoid-cylindric, up to 60 cm in length. Carpellary leaves 
numerous, about 30 cm long, densely rusty-tomentose, fimbriate-pectinate 
at the apex, acuminate. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 3 to 5 cm long. 
Occasionally cultivated, fi. May; widely distributed in the Philippines. 
Tropical Asia to Japan, southward to New Guinea and Polynesia. 
The Gymnospermae are represented in the Philippines by the following 
additional families: Pinaceae, Taxaceae, and Gnretaceae, and all are treated 
by Foxworthy under the title “Philippine Gymnosperms” Philip. Journ. 
Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 145-177. The Pinaceae is represented in Manila by 
immature, introduced and cultivated snecies of the genera Cryptomeria and 
Araucaria, and by rare specimens of Cupressus, the latter locally known 
as ciprés. 
Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE: Ovules borne in closed ovaries, the stigma 
always present. 
Subclass I. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE: Plants producing seeds with but a 
single cotyledon. 
8. TYPHACEAE (CAT-TAIL FAMILY) 
Perennial erect marsh herbs with simple, erect, linear, entire leaves 
which sheath the base of the stem. Flowers small, densely crowded in 
long cylindric spikes, often intermixed with capillary bracteoles with 
dilated tips, the male flowers superposed above the female ones. Perianth 
of capillary hairs or none in the male flowers. Stamens 1 or more. 
Ovary very small, on a long capillary stipe, narrowed into a capillary 
style. Fruit very minute, the pericarp membranaceous, indehiscent or 
splitting laterally. 
A single genus, in most warm and tropical countries. 
111555—5 
