66 A FLORA OF MANILA 
1. TYPHA Linnaeus 
Character of the Family as given above. (The old Greek name.) 
Species 9 with some subspecies and many varieties in all parts of the 
world, 2 in the Philippines. 
1. Typha angustifolia L. subsp. javanica Schnizl. Lampacanay (Vis.) ; 
Balangot (Tag.) ; Cat-tail. 
Erect, glabrous, up to 2 m high. Leaves long, 10 to 12 mm wide. 
Spikes. exserted, cylindric, the female one when mature brown, 12 to 20 
cm long, up to 2 cm in diameter. 
Locally abundant in low wet places, and shallow stagnant fresh water; 
widely distributed in the Philippines. The subspecies extends from the 
Mascarene Islands to Ceylon eastward and southward to New Guinea, the 
species widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America. 
9. PANDANACEAE (PANDAN FAMILY) 
Erect dioecious shrubs or trees, usually with prop-roots, or vines climbing 
by aerial roots, the leaves 3-ranked, spirally arranged, narrow, elongated, 
acuminate, the margins and midribs usually spinously toothed. Inflores- 
cence axillary or terminal, simple or branched, clothed with leafy spathes 
or bracts. Flowers small, crowded on a catkin-like spadix. Perianth 
none. Male flowers with many stamens, the filaments free or united. 
Female flowers~with a 1-celled ovary which is free or connate with those 
of contiguous flowers. Ovules 1 or many. Fruit a globose, oblong, ellip- 
soid, or cylindric mass of usually many, free or somewhat connate, 1- to 
many-celled, woody, usually angular drupes, or somewhat berry-like and 
fleshy. 
Genera 8, species over 300 in the tropics of the Old World, all genera and 
about 80 species known in the Philippines. 
1. PANDANUS Linnaeus filius 
Erect, branched, rarely simple shrubs or trees with prop-roots, the 
stems usually prickly. Leaves numerous, crowded at the ends of the 
branches. Inflorescence terminal. Fruit a small or large, globose to oblong 
or elliptic syncarp of few to many, woody, angled, truncate, rounded, or 
pointed drupes. (From the Malay name.) 
Species more than 200, about 35 known from the Philippines. 
1. P. tectorius Sol. (P. odoratissimus L. f.). Pandan, Pangdan (Tag., 
Vis., Il.) ; Screw Pine. 
An erect branched shrub or small tree 3 to 5 m high, the trunk bearing 
few to many prop-roots. Leaves spirally crowded toward the ends of 
the branches, glaucous, linear-lanceolate, slenderly long-acuminate, up to 
1.5 m long, 3 to 5 cm wide, coriaceous, the margins and midrib beneath 
toward the apex, armed with sharp spiny teeth that point toward the 
apex of the leaf. Male inflorescence somewhat pendulous, up to 0.5 m 
long, the bracts lanceolate, acuminate, white or nearly so, the flowers very 
numerous, fragrant, densely disposed. Fruit solitary, pendulous, ellipsoid 
to globose-ellipsoid, usually about 20 cm long, each composed of from 50 
to 75 or more, obovoid, somewhat angular, fibrous-fleshy drupes 4 to 6 cm 
long, which are narrowed below, truncate at the apex, the stone 4- to 
