80 A FLORA OF MANILA 
Var. aristata (L.) Rendle. 
, Differing from the species in having the fourth glume of the perfect 
spikelet long-awned, the awn usually about 1 em in length. 
India to China; rare in the Philippines. 
14. ISCHAEMUM Linnaeus 
Annual or perennial, erect or ascending grasses. Spikelets in pairs, 
one sessile and one pedicelled, in digitate, paired, or fascicled, more or 
less fragile spikes at the ends of the stems. Sessile spikelets with 4 
glumes, the first oblong, usually thick, awnless, the second as long as 
the first but narrower, the third hyaline, thin, the fourth hyaline, cleft, 
awned. Pedicelled spikelets similar to the sessile ones, often imperfect. 
(Greek “stypic’”, in allusion to the use of some species to stop the flow 
of blood.) 
Species about 40, chiefly tropical, about 7 in the Philippines. 
1. Spikes 2, closely appressed to each other; first glume of the sessile spike- 
lets rugose. ‘ 
2. Perennial; first glume nearly flat, with 2 to 4 marginal nodules or 
low ‘transverse. Wrinkles i 72ers ores 1. I. aristatum 
2. Annual; _first glume strongly convex, closely transversely ridged. 
2. I. rugosum 
1. Spikes 4 to 7; first glume of the sessile spikelet not rugose. 
3. I. intermedium 
1. |. aristatum L., var. gibbum (Trin.) Hack. 
An erect, little or not at all branched, loosely tufted or scattered grass 
40 to 80 cm high. Leaves flat, 6 to 15 cm long, about 5 mm wide. Spikes 
2, closely appressed, erect, appearing like a single cylindric spike, 4 to 7 
cm long, the internodes shorter than the spikelets. Sessile spikelets about 
7 mm long, the first glume slightly wrinkled, the awn of the fourth glume 
about 1.5 cm long. ; 
In open grass lands, fi. all the year; common and widely distributed in 
the Philippines. The species in India, China, and Malaya, the variety 
endemic. 
2. |. rugosum Salisb., var. distachyum (Cav.) Merr. 
A rather slender, erect or ascending, annual grass, the stems ultimately 
much branched, sometimes prostrate below, 30 to 70 cm long, glabrous or 
sparingly hairy. Leaves 8 to 15 cm long, 5 to 8 mm wide, flat, acuminate. 
Spikes 2 at the end of each stem, appressed, 4 to 6 cm long. First glume 
of the sessile spikelet oblong, convex, 5 mm long, prominently transversely 
wrinkled, the awn of the fourth glume slender, about 2 cm long. Pedi- 
celled spikelets about 4 mm long. 
In open grass lands, Caloocan, San Juan del Monte, etc., fl. Nov.—Jan.; 
widely distributed in the Philippines. India to China and Malaya. 
3. |. intermedium Brongn. 
A widely spreading, somewhat brdiched grass, the ascending stems 1 m _ 
long or more. Sheaths rather loose, usually pilose. Leaves flat, up to 
15 cm in length and 1.5 cm wide. Spikes 5 to 7, digitately crowded at the 
ends of the stems, 4 to 7 cm long, green. Spikelets lanceolate, about 6 
mm long, acuminate, the glumes not wrinkled. Awn to the fourth glume 
about 1 cm long. 
