» 
106 A FLORA OF MANILA 
Occasionally cultivated in Manila for ornamental purposes, introduced, 
native country uncertain, but probably China or Japan. The flowers of this 
variety are unknown; it is well characterized by its yellow stems. 
*3. B..BLUMEANA Schultes f. Cauayan, Cauayan totoo (Tag.). 
Stems 10 to 20 m high, 8 to 10 cm in diameter, the basal parts sur- 
rounded by stiff, branched, interlaced, spiny branches. Leaves 10 to 20 
em long, 1 to 2 em wide. Panicles large. Spikelets slender, compressed, 
2to3cm long. (FI. Filip. pl. 100, B. arundinacea.) , 
Very common in our area, and widely distributed throughout the settled 
regions of the Philippines, the common building bamboo of the Archi- 
pelago, rarely flowering; probably of prehistoric introduction. Malay Pen- 
insula and Archipelago. 
44. SCHIZOSTACHYUM Nees 
Erect or climbing bamboos, the stems with thin or thick walls. Leaves 
narrow or broad, petioled. Inflorescence paniculate, the branches bearing 
scattered or close heads of sessile flowers, or the spikelets rarely scattered 
along the branches. Spikelets slender, usually fascicled; empty glumes 
1 to 3, narrow, usually mucronate; flowering glumes 1 or 2, jointed below, 
convolute, elongated. Stamens 6, the filaments-free. Fruit ovoid, beaked, 
crustaceous or hard. (Greek “split” and “spike.”) 
Species about 30, India to Polynesia, 11 in the Philippines. 
1. S. toppingii Gamble. 
_ An erect, unarmed, loosely tufted bamboo, the stems up to 2.5 cm in 
diameter and from 3 to 5 m or more high, the sheaths hairy. Leaves 
various, on young plants up to 40 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, on the branches 
crowded, much smaller, and often 10 to 20 cm long and.1 to 2 em wide, 
the sheaths ciliate at the mouth. Spikelets crowded in subglobose, scattered 
or close heads, on the spike-like branches of the panicle, glabrous, fertile 
and imperfect ones mixed. Empty glumes 2 opr 3, 2 to 4-mm long, 7- to 
9-nerved, mucronate. Flowering glumes 5 mm long, 9-nerved, mucronate. 
Fruit globose, glabrous, about 6 mm in diameter, the glumes persistent. 
In ravines opposite Guadalupe, not found in flower here, but flowering 
near Montalban in July. Known only from Luzon. 
14. CYPERACEAE (SEDGE OR BALANGOT FAMILY) 
Grass-like plants with usually 3-ranked leaves and solid, cylindric or 
3-angled stems, the sheaths closed, sometimes leafless. Flowers perfect or 
1-sexual, small, in the axils of the scales (glumes) of the spikes or spikelets, 
these solitary or in panicles, heads, umbels, racemes, spikes, or fascicles. 
Perianth none or of hypogynous bristles or scales. Stamens 1 to 3. Ovary 
1-celled; style short, or slender and elongated, 2- or 3-cleft. Fruit a small, 
compressed, 3-angled, cylindric, or globose nut. 
Genera about 75, species more than 3,000, in all parts of the world, 25 
genera and about 150 species in the Philippines. 
1. Spikelets of few or many glumes, the first 1 or 2 always empty, the 
uppermost male or empty, the intermediate ones with perfect flowers. 
2. Flowering glumes many, distichously arranged. 
3. Style 2-fid. 
