CYPERACEAE 109 
to a simple head. Spikes globose, the spikelets spreading, fascicled, linear- 
oblong, brownish, sessile, 1 to 1.5 em Jong. Glumes 10 to 50, ovate, obtuse, 
2 mm long. Nut ellipsoid, somewhat compressed, apiculate, about 1 mm 
long. 
In open grass lands, La Loma, fl. Nov.—Jan.; of local occurrence in the 
Philippines. Temperate and tropical parts of the Old World. 
JUNCELLUS C. B. Clarke 
Stems erect, tufted, leafy only near the base, the inflorescence umbellate 
or capitate, subtended by leaf-like bracts. Spikelets compressed. Glumes 
many, in two ranks, imbricate, concave, the first two empty, the others 
with perfect flowers, the uppermost ones empty. Stamens 3 or 2. Nut 
plano-convex, broad, the plane face against the rachilla; style-branches 2. 
(Diminutive of Juncus, the Latin name of the rush.) 
Species about 12, in all warm countries, 1 in the Philippines. 
1. J. pygmaeus (Rottb.) C. B. Clarke. 
An annual, tufted, glabrous plant, 3 to 20 cm high, the stems usually 
numerous. Leaves thin, 10 cm long or less, 1 to 2 mm wide. Inflorescence 
capitate, heads solitary, 1 cm in diameter or less. Spikelets very numerous, 
about 5 mm long, the glumes about 20, oblong-lanceolate, 2 mm long. 
Nut oblong-ellipsoid, about 1 mm long. 
In open gravelly soil near Culiculi, fl. March—May; of local occurrence in 
the Philippines. All warm countries. 
4. CYPERUS Linnaeus 
Coarse or slender, tufted or scattered, erect, annual or perennial plants, 
the stems leafy only at the base, the bracts leaf-like. Inflorescence um- 
bellate or capitate. Spikelets linear or oblong, compressed, the rachilla 
persistent. Glumes distichous, the first two empty, the succeeding ones 
bisexual, seriatim deciduous. Nut 3-angled or plano-convex; style 3-fid. 
(Ancient Greek name.) 
More than 300 species in all warm countries, about 21 in the Philippines. 
1. Spikelets digitate or clustered, not spicate or racemose. 
2. Low slender annuals, the leaves less than 5. mm wide. 
3. Nuts about as long as the glumes......................22..22... 1. C. difformis 
3. Nuts very much shorter than the glumes........................ 2. C. haspan 
2. Perennials, the leaves or bracts 5 to 20 mm in width. 
3. Coarse, erect, leafless at the base; cultivated only. 
3. C. flabelliformis 
3. Basal leaves numerous, equaling or longer than the stems. 
4. C. diffusus 
1. Spikelets spicately or subracemosely arranged. 
2. Rachilla of spikelets not at all or obscurely winged. 
8. Tufted annuals; mostly slender plants. 
4. Spikelets 3 to 10 mm long; glumes about 1.2 mm long, obovate, 
the nuts: as tone: as the Plame iin... s cic n-nee-nnn---o-ne 5. C. iria 
4. Spikelets 10 to 30 mm long; glumes about 3.5 mm long, promi- 
nently acuminate, much longer than the nuts.... 6. C. compressus 
3. Perennials with woody rootstocks and often long stolons; coarse 
plants. 
4. Rachis of the spikes pubescent; spikelets 5 to 10 mm long, com- 
PYOShOGn... 0.280... coe ahaha ts tangy pl nae a et bata ie 7. C. pilosus 
