126 A FLORA OF MANILA 
perianth acrescent. Ovary ovoid, 3- to 1-celled. Fruit ovoid to obovoid, 
1- to 3-seeded, the pericarp oily, the endocarp hard. (Greek name of the 
olive.) 
Species 6 or 7 in tropical America and Africa, 1 introduced in the Phil- 
ippines. 
*1. E. GUINEENSIS Jacq. Oil Palm. 
An erect palm 4 to 10 m high, the leaves numerous, 3 to 4.5 m long, the 
petioles broad, armed on the sides with spinescent reduced leaves. Leaflets 
numerous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly 1 m long, 2 to 4 em wide. 
Male inflorescence dense, of numerous, cylindric, 7 to 12 em long spikes 
which are about 1 cm in diameter, their rachises excurrent as a stout awn. 
Female inflorescence dense, branched, 20 to 30 cm long, the flowers densely 
disposed, the fruits borne in large dense masses. 
Occasionally cultivated, fl. all the year. A native of tropical Africa, now 
cultivated in most tropical countries, and in some regions of great economic 
importance on account of the oil yielded by its seeds. 
8. ARENGA Labillardiére 
Stout palms with very long, erect or ascending, pinnate leaves, the trunk 
densely clothed with the stout, black, fibrous remains of the sheaths; leaflets 
very numerous, long, linear, usually more or less irregularly toothed at the 
apex, sometimes lobed, base often 1- or 2-auricled. Spadices in the leaf- 
axils, the upper one flowering first, and then the lower ones successively, 
large, much-branched, long, pendulous. Male and female flowers usually 
solitary and in separate spadices, sometimes in threes, a female between 
two males. Male flowers: Sepals orbicular, imbricate. Petals oblong, 
valvate. Stamens many. Female flowers subglobose, the sepals enlarging, 
the petals triangular, valvate; staminodes many or none. Fruit subglobose 
to broadly obovoid, 2- or 8-seeded. (From the Malayan name.) 
Species about 10, tropical Asia, Malaya, and Australia, about 5 in the 
Philippines. 
1. A. SACCHARIFERA (Wurmb.) Labill. Caong, Iroc (Tag.); Cabo negro 
(Sp.-Fil.); Sugar Palm. 
Trunk stout, marked with rather distant annular scars, up to 12 m high. 
Leaves 6 to 8.5 m long, ascending, the sheathing basal parts with stout, 
black fibers; leaflets up to 100 or more on each side, linear, 1 to 1.5 m long, 
the tip lobed and variously toothed, the base 2-auricled, the lower surface 
white or pale. Inflorescence axillary, the peduncle stout, decurved, the 
pendulous branches very numerous, up to 1.5 m in length. Male flowers in 
pairs, about 12 mm long. Fruit globose on depressed-globose, about 5 em 
in diameter, produced in great abundance. (FI. Filip. pl. 419.) 
Rare in Manila in cultivation, fl. all the year; throughout the Philippines, 
but undoubtedly introduced. India to Malaya. ; 
9. OREODOXA Willdenow 
Large unarmed palms, the trunks solitary, cylindric or thickened in the 
middle. Leaves terminal, pinnate, the segments narrowly linear-lanceolate, 
unequally 2-fid at the apex; sheaths elongated, cylindric, imbricate, enclosing 
the top of the trunk. Inflorescence below the sheaths, the spadix large, the 
branches elongated, slender, pendulous, the spathes 2, the lower one nearly 
cylindric, as long as the spadix. Flowers small, monoecious, the lower ones 
