136 A FLORA OF MANILA 
2. Anthers black; sepals of the female flowers spatulate, very rarely 
SURI AT NG oath nw viuio edn igeigsmneeseie etek wee i aa aes 2. E. merrillii 
2. Anthers white; sepals of. the female flowers filiform.... 3. E. cinereum 
1. E. alatum H. Lecomte. 
Stems very short, the leaves densely crowded, linear, 2 to 4 cm long, 
acute or obtuse. Peduncles many, 5-angled or ribbed, slender, 6 to 18 cm 
long. Head globose or ovoid, dense, pale, shining, 4 to 7 mm in diameter, 
the floral bracts ovate, glabrous, triangular at the apex, concealing ‘the 
flowers, the receptacle densely pilose-ciliate. Sepals of the male flowers 
spathe-like, split down one side, connate. Petals 3, small, not glandular. 
Stamens black. Female flowers: Sepals 2, free, ovate, obtuse, prominently 
keeled on the back. Petals 3, small, linear, not glandular; stigmas 3. 
In wet rice lands, La Loma, fl. Nov.—Jan.; of very local occurrence in 
the Philippines. Indo-China. 
2. E. merrillii Rhul. 
Glabrous, the leaves densely caespitose, linear to lanceolate, acute, 
2 to 5 em long. Peduncles many, slightly twisted, 5-ribbed, slender, 3 to 
10 cm high. Head obconic-globose to depressed-globose, pale, shining, 3 to 
5 mm in diameter; floral bracts oblong-obovate. Sepals of the male flowers 
connate into a 2- or 3-lobed spathe, split down one side. Petals 3, small, 
glandular at the tip. Stamens 6; anthers black. Female flowers: Sepals 
2, lanceolate, rarely none. Petals 3, linear, or spatulate, minutely glandular 
at the apex, white. Stigmas 3. 
In old rice paddies, low wet lands, etc., Caloocan to Masambong, fi. 
Aug.—Dec.; widely distributed in the Philippines. Endemic. 
3. E. cinereum R. Br. (E. sieboldianum S. & Z.). 
Glabrous, densely caespitose, the leaves linear, 2 to 5 cm long, acuminate. 
Peduncles numerous, slender, 5-ribbed, 6 to 15 em long. Heads subglobose, 
about 4 mm in diameter, the fioral-bracts oblong to lanceolate-oblong, the 
interior ones acute, concealing the fiowers, pale, shining. Male flowers 
with the sepals connate into a spathe, split down one side. Petals very 
small. Petals none. Styles 3. 
In low wet grasslands, old rice paddies, etc., Caloocan, fi. Aug.Sept.; 
not common in the Philippines. Tropical Africa and Asia to Japan, 
southward to Australia. 
20. BROMELIACEAE (PINEAPPLE OR PINA FAMILY) 
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs. Leaves long, narrow, chiefly basal, 
rosulate, entire or spiny-toothed, bases usually spreading. Flowers perfect, 
regular, in dense, terminal spikes, the bracts usually prominent. Sepals 3,- 
free or partly united. Petals 3, free or somewhat united. Stamens 3 to 6, 
free or somewhat united with the petals. Ovary inferior or superior, 3- 
celled; styles united; stigmas 3-lobed; ovules many. Fruit of numerous, 
fleshy, united berries or a 3-valved capsule. 
Genera 45, species about 1,000, all American, a single introduced one in 
the Philippines. 
1. ANANAS Adanson 
An herb with numerous, elongated, finely toothed, rosulate leaves. 
Scape short or somewhat elongated, leafy, erect, central, bearing at its 
apex a simple, dense, cone-like spike. Flowers in the axils of the bracts, 
