158 A FLORA OF MANILA > 
arising from the rootstocks, usually leafless, the bracts large, persistent, 
forming a dense, usually colored, cone-like or cylindric head, the upper 
bracts often longer than the lower ones. Flowers several in each bract, 
usually but a single one opening at a time, bracteolate. Calyx short, 
cylindric, toothed. Corolla-tube broad, funnel-shaped, sometimes split down 
. one side, 2- or 3-toothed, the teeth ovate or oblong. Staminodes peta- 
loid, united with the filament below. Lip orbicular or obovate, entire, 
emerginate, or 2-lobed. Stamen somewhat petaloid. Ovary 3-celled. Cap- 
sule membranaceous, globose, 3-valved. Seeds small, arillate. (From’ the 
Indian name, signifying yellow.) 
Species about 42, India to Malaya, 2 introduced in the Philippines. 
1. C. ZEDOARIA (Berg.) Rose. Tamo, Barac (Tag.); Lampoyang (Vis.) ; 
Conic (Il.). 
Rootstocks stout, fleshy, slightly aromatic, pale-yellow, with oblong, 
tuber-like branches. Leaves usually in pairs, erect, petioled, green, often 
with a purplish blotch in the center, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 
slenderly acuminate, 25 to 70 cm long, 8 to 15 cm wide. Scape from the 
rootstocks, not from the leaf-tuft, often appearing before the leaves, the 
peduncle 10 to 20 cm long, covered with few loose bracts. , Spike cylindric, 
5 to 8 cm in diameter, 10 to 15 cm long, composed of numerous, ovate to 
obovate, somewhat spreading, rounded bracts, the lower ones green, more 
or less tipped with pink, the upper ones usually longer and purple, each 
containing several flowers, the lower ones opening first. Calyx small, bifid. 
Corolla-tube about 2 cm long, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with purple, 
the lip usually yellow, 2-lobed. (FI. Filip. pl. 3, Costus luteus.) 
In thickets and open places, common, fil. Jan.Aug.; widely distributed 
in the Philippines in the settled regions, certainly introduced. Probably 
a native of India, now widely distributed in the warmer parts of the east- 
ern hemisphere. 
The Turmeric plant, C. longa L., with a very yellow root widely known 
here as dilao, is not uncommon in the Philippines, and its rhizomes are 
commonly sold in the Manila markets, but living specimens have not been 
found in our area. It resembles the above species, but its flower-scape is 
borne within the tuft of leaves, not ditectly from the rootstocks. 
5. ZINGIBER. Adanson 
Stems erect, leafy, from fleshy, underground, more or less aromatic root- 
stocks. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic, distichous. Spikes erect, from the 
rhizomes, rarely terminating a leafy stem, cylindric, conic, or ovoid, usually 
peduncled, the peduncles covered with bracts, the bracts of the inflorescence 
green or colored, imbricate, usually holding water, each containing from 
1 to several flowers. Calyx tubular, 3-lobed, short. Corolla-tube usually 
longer than the bract, slender, the lobes oblong to lanceolate, white or 
yellowish. Staminodes none. Lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe longer than 
the lateral ones. Connective of the anther prolonged into a curved beak. 
Ovary 8-celled. Capsule thin-walled, splitting into 3-valves. Seeds black, 
angled, arillate. (From the ancient Greek or Latin name, derived from 
the Indian name sringavera.) 
Species 60, tropical Asia to New Guinea, about 5 species in the Phil- 
ippines, some of them inperfectly known. 
