ULMACEAE 3 wrT 
obtuse or slightly cordate, subequilateral or somewhat inequilateral, apex 
acuminate, penninerved, the lateral nerves 3 to 5 on each side, ascending. 
Male spikes shorter than the leaves, slender. Female spikes, when mature, 
red, fleshy, cylindric, 2 to 5 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter. 
In thickets Masambong etc., fl. Jan.Apr.; widely distributed in the 
Philippines. Tropics of the Old World, introduced in the West Indies. 
3. P. loheri C. DC. Litlit (Tag.). 
A dioecious glabrous vine reaching a length of several meters. Leaves 
thin when dry, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 9 to 10 cm long, 7-nerved from 
the acute to broadly rounded, very slightly inequilateral base, apex sharply 
acuminate, petioles up to 2 cm in length. Male spikes filiform, as long as 
the leaves. Female spikes about as long as the leaves, slender, the fruits 
scattered, not imbedded in the pulpy spike, yellow, about 4 mm long. 
In thickets, Singalon, Paco, Pasig, etc., fl. Aug.—Dec.; widely distributed 
in Luzon. Endemic. 
35. ULMACEAE (ELM OF HANAGDONG FAMILY) 
Shrubs or trees with alternate, simple or toothed, usually distichous, 
frequently inequilateral leaves, and watery sap, the stipules small, falling 
early. Flowers small, perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in axillary cymes, 
racemes, or sometimes solitary or fascicled. Calyx of 4 or 5, rarely fewer 
or more, usually imbricate, sometimes induplicate-valvate sepals which 
are more or less united at the base or free. Corolla none. Stamens as 
many as the calyx-segment opposite the lobes. Ovary superior, free, 1-, 
rarely 2-celled; stigmas 2; ovule 1, pendulous, anatropous, or amphitropous. 
Fruit (in our genera) drupaceous or nut-like, mostly small. 
Genera 14, species about 140, in the warmer parts of both hemispheres, 
5 genera and about 11 species in the Philippines. 
1. TREMA Loureiro 
Trees or shrubs with ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, usually pubescent 
and scabrid, distichous, finely toothed leaves which are 3- to 5-nerved at 
the base. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, small, in rather dense, short, 
axillary cymes. Male flowers with 4 or 5 induplicate-valvate sepals. 
Stamens erect. Rudimentary ovary none or very small. Female flowers 
with induplicate-valvate sepals, those of the perfect flowers somewhat 
valvate. Ovary sessile; style terminal; stigmas 2; ovule pendulous. Fruit 
a small ovoid to globose drupe. (Greek “hole,” from the small pits in the 
endocarp of some species.) 
Species about 30 in the tropics of both hemispheres, 2 or 3 in the 
Philippines. 
1. T. amboinensis Blume. Hanagdong (Tag., Vis.); Hagod (Tag.). 
A small tree 5 to 8 m high with elongated branches, the leaves dis- 
tichous, the upper surface scabrid, the lower one usually pale and rather 
softly and densely pubescent. Leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 8 to 15 
em long, base broad, cordate, usually somewhat inequilateral, prominently 
3-nerved, apex long and slenderly acuminate, margins finely toothed. 
Cymes dense, pubescent, 1 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers very numerous, about 
38 mm long, white. Drupes ovoid, about 3.5 mm long. 
Not common in our area, in thickets and open places, fl. Jan.—Apr.; 
throughout the Philippines at low altitudes. India to southern China and 
Malaya. 
