172 A FLORA OF MANILA 
36. MORACEAE (MULBERRY, F1G, oR BALETE FAMILY) 
Shrubs or trees, sometimes vines, usually with milky sap, rarely her- 
baceous, with alternate or opposite, entire, toothed, or lobed leaves, the 
stipules present, often early deciduous. Flowers small, unisexual, often 
monoecious, densely crowed on the outside of small or large, fleshy, globose 
to elongated, thick or slender receptacles, or covering the inside of a closed 
receptacle. Male flowers with from 2 to 6, usually 4, perianth-segments, 
which are imbricate or valvate, free or more or less united below. Stamens 
as many as the segments, sometimes only 1. Female flowers with usually 
4, rarely fewer or more segments, often more or less enlarged and enveloping 
the achene at maturity. Ovary 1-, rarely 2-celled, superior, half-superior, 
or inferior; styles or stigmas 2 or 1, simple or branched; ovules solitary, 
pendulous. Fruit various, composed of numerous more or less united 
carpels, each surrounded by its accrescent fleshy perianth, rarely dry, 
sometimes (Ficus) the individual fruits borne on the inside of a fleshy, 
closed receptacle. \ 
.Genera 67, species about 1,000, chiefly in the tropical regions of both 
hemisphers, few in subtemperate regions, 13 genera and about 150 species 
in the Philippines. 
1. Flowers and mature fruits borne on the inside of a closed receptacle. 
1. Ficus 
1. Flowers on the outside of the receptacle. 
2. Erect shrubs or trees. 
3. Trees with large fleshy fruits, each composed of numerous ripened 
carpels with their fleshy pericarps, forming a variously tubercled, 
echinate, or roughened syncarp.......-..-...-c-:---20secseeeee+ 2. Artocarpus 
3. Fruits small. 
4. Female flowers solitary or few together, pedicelled; fruit usually 
a solitary sea rnel sno core oe ose eke eee 3. Streblus 
4. Female flowers numerous, crowded; fruit composed of many 
carpels. 
5. Trees with distichous, pinnately nerved leaves, the flowers in 
bracteate, usually lobed receptacles.......................- 4. Castilloa 
5. Shrubs with palmately 3- or 5-nerved leaves, the flowers in 
(étise BEGrU Opies ens ee eee 5. Morus 
2. Climbing shrubs or vines. 
3.. Unarmed _..2 eS Se ee gee eee 6. Malaisia 
3. Armed with stout, often elongated spines........... rey re 7. Cudrania 
2. A small suffrutescent herb, the male and female flowers intermixed, 
in small, axillary, peduncled heads..................-.0020-00--------- 8. Fatoua 
1. FICUS Linnaeus 
Trees or shrubs, often climbing, with milky juice. Leaves alternate or 
opposite, entire, toothed, or lobed, smooth or rough. Flowers minute, very 
numerous, on the inner wall of a closed, usually ovoid or globose, fleshy 
receptacle, the receptacles axillary or variously arranged on the trunk 
and larger branches. Male flowers with a 2- to 6-fid perianth. Stamens 
1 or 2, rarely more. Female flowers with a perianth as in the male, or 
imperfect or none. Ovary usually oblique. Achenes small, crustaceous. 
(The ancient Latin name.) 
