202 A FLORA OF MANILA 
C. pubescens (Willd.) Blume (Lauas, Tag.), is of wide distribution in 
the Philippines, differing in many characters from the above, but es- 
pecially in its leaves being pubescent beneath; it does not occur in our 
area. The lotus (Nelumbium speciosum Willd.) (Baino, Tag.) occurs 
in Laguna de Bay, and its flowers are occasionally sold in Manila. 
50. CERATOPHYLLACEAE (CERATOPHYLLUM OR INATA 
FAMILY) 
Submerged, slender, monoecious herbs growing in fresh water, the 
leaves whorled, cleft into slender, toothed lobes. Flowers minute, axillary, 
sessile, the perianth or involucre of 6 to 12, narrow, 2-fid segments. Male 
flowers with 20 to 30 stamens. Female flowers with a sessile, ovoid, 
1-celled ovary; style subulate; ovule solitary. Fruit a small, coriaceous, 
ovoid or ellipsoid, compressed nut, terminated by the style. 
A single genus with 3 species of wide distribution in fresh water in 
temperate and tropical regions of the world, a single species in the 
Philippines. 
1. CERATOPHYLLUM Linnaeus 
Characters of the Family. (From the Greek “horn” and “leaf.’’) 
1. C. demersum L. Inata (Tag.). 
Stems long, branched, slender, submerged, densely leafy. Leaves 1.5 
to 2.5 cm long, whorled, the segments spreading when submerged, linear, 
toothed. Segments of the perianth subulate. Fruit variable, with two 
horns at the base. 
Pasig River, not uncommon floating down from Lake Bay; widely 
distributed in the Philippines. Most temperate and tropical regions. 
51. RANUNCULACEAE (CLEMATIS FAMILY) 
Annual or perennial often suffrutescent herbs, sometimes climbing. 
Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or compound, entire, toothed, or lobed. 
Flowers regular in our genera, perfect or 1-sexual. Sepals 5 or more. 
Rarely fewer, valvate or imbricate, deciduous, sometimes petaloid. Petals 
none, or 3 to 5 or more, hypogynous, sometimes small. Stamens hypogy- 
nous, usually many. Carpels usually many, free, 1-celled, each with 1 
or more ovules. Fruit of numerous 1-seeded achenes, often tailed or 
otherwise appendaged. 
Genera 30, species about 1,100, in all parts of the world, 5 genera and 
10 species in the Philippines, mostly at medium or higher altitudes. 
1. NARAVELIA DeCandolle 
Climbing, herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate or 
2-foliolate, the terminal leaflet usually transformed into a tendril. Flowers 
axillary, solitary or racemose, long-peduncled. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 6 
to 12, longer than the sepals. Achenes narrow, stipitate, beaked or 
crowned with the long bearded styles. (Named from the “ancient city 
of Gour” in Bengal.) 
Species 3, India to Malaya, 2 in the Philippines. 
1. N. loheri Merr. & Rolfe. 
A slender, herbaceous, slightly pubescent vine, becoming nearly or 
quite glabrous. Leaves with 2, ovate to oblong-ovate, 5-nerved, somewhat 
