MENISPERMACEAE 203 
acuminate, entire or sometimes coarsely 1- or 2-toothed leaflets 5 to 8 cm 
long, the tip minutely mucronate, base rounded, the tendril taking the 
place of the third leaflet slender, 3-partite at the apex. Flowers white or 
greenish-white, their pedicels up to 4 cm in length. Sepals 4, about 9 mm 
long. Petals about 12, linear-spatulate, 2 cm long or less, 1 to 2 mm wide. 
Achenes 10 to 15, about 2 cm long, hirsute, narrowed above into a slender 
beak, not tailed. 
In thickets near the Pasay cemetery, fl. April-May; of very local 
_ occurrence in Luzon. Endemic. 
52. MENISPERMACEAE (MOONSEED OR MACABUHAY FAMILY) 
Twining or climbing, slender or stout, subherbaceous or woody vines. 
Leaves alternate, entire or lobed, usually palmately, rarely penninerved; 
stipules none. Flowers small, dioecious, solitary, fascicled, racemose or 
panicled. Sepals 6, rarely fewer or more numerous, imbricate in 2 to 4 
series. Petals usually 6, rarely fewer or none, free or connate. Male 
flowers: Stamens hypogynous, usually one opposite each petal; anthers 
free or connate. Rudimentary ovary small or none. Female flowers: 
Staminodes 6 or 0. Ovaries 3, rarely 1 to 6 or more; style terminal, 
simple or divided; ovules solitary. Ripe carpels drupaceous. Seed usually 
hooked or reniform. 
Genera 63, species about 360, in all tropical countries, few in some tem- 
perate regions, 15 genera and 26 species in the Philippines. 
UTC 2 Ro iva () Ee ces a co ee 8 1. Pycnarrhena 
1. Leaves palmately 3- to 7-nerved. 
2. Sepals and petals 6; bracts very small or none.................... 2. Tinospora 
2. Sepals and petals 4; bracts on the female inflorescence prominent. 
3. Cissampelos 
1. PYCNARRHENA Miers 
Climbing woody vines or suberect shrubs. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 
entire, penninerved. Cymes axillary, short, usually fascicled. Male 
flowers: Sepals 6 to 9, the outer ones small, bract-like, the interior ones 
gradually larger, the innermost suborbicular, concave. Petals 2 to 6, 
smaller than the inner sepals. Stamens 2 to 10; filaments very short or 
none. Female flowers: Sepals and petals as in the males. Carpels 2 to 4, 
glabrous or pilose. Drupes 3, or fewer by abortion, subglobose; style-scar 
lateral. (Greek “dense” and “male” from the dense inflorescence.) 
Species 17, south-eastern Asia through Malaya to Australia, 3 or 4 in 
the Philippines. 
1. P. manillensis Vid. Ambal (Tag.). 
A suberect or climbing shrub 1 m high or more. Leaves subcoriaceous, 
shining, elliptic-ovate, to oblong-elliptic, 13 to 30 cm long, acuminate, the 
nerves 5 to 7 pairs, very prominent on the lower surface. Male inflores- 
cences axillary, short, pilose. The flowers crowded, yellowish, the sepals 7, 
the outer ones small, the 5 inner ones 1.5 to 2 mm in diameter. Petals 
about 3, obovate. Stamens 8 to 10. Drupes ellipsoid-globose, 10 to 15 mm 
long. 
San Juan del Monte (Vidal), fl. June. Of local occurrence in the Phil- 
ippines. Endemic. 
