204 A FLORA OF MANILA 
2. TINOSPORA Miers 
Climbing vines with very bitter sap and warty stems. Leaves deciduous, 
thin, entire, palmately 8- to 5-nerved. Racemes lateral, slender. Male 
flowers: Sepals 6. Petals 6, rarely 3, cuneate-ovate to subcordate. Stamens 
6; filaments flattened. Female flowers: Sepals about as in the males. 
Petals minute, spatulate-oblong. Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3, free, erect; 
styles short. Drupes 3, or fewer by abortion, compressed, stipitate, globose 
or ellipsoid, the endocarp dorsally convex, ventrally flat or slightly concave. 
(From the old Latin name of Viburnum tinus and the Greek “seed.’’) 
Species 24, tropical Asia and to Malaya and Australia, 1 in the Phil- 
ippines. 
1. T. reticulata Miers. Macabuhay (Tag.). 
A very bitter, climbing, dioecious vine reaching a height of 4 to 10 m, 
the branches pendulous, all parts glabrous, the stems up to 1 em thick, 
somewhat fleshy, with scattered protuberances. Leaves thin, ovate, acu- 
minate, base truncate or somewhat cordate, glabrous, shining, 6 to 12 cm 
long, base 5-nerved; petioles 3.5 to 6 em long. Racemes solitary or in 
pairs from the axils of fallen leaves, pale-green, slender, 10 to 20 cm long. 
Male flowers pale-green, short-pedicelled. Outer three sepals 1.5 mm long, 
the inner three 4 to 5 mm long. Drupes 7 to 8 mm long. 
In dry thickets, common, Balintauac to Fort McKinley, fl. Mar—May; 
widely distributed in the Philippines. Endemic. 
3. CISSAMPELOS Linnaeus 
Scandent, slender, suffrutescent or woody vines, the leaves ovate, some- 
times peltate. Male flowers in axillary cymes, small. Sepals usually 4, 
erose. Petals 4, connate. Stamens 4, connate, surrounding the apex of 
the staminal-column. Female flowers racemed, fasciculate in the axils of 
leafy bracts. Sepals 2, or sepal 1 and petal 1, 2-nerved. Ovary 1; style 
short. Fruit globose, fleshy, 1-seeded. (Greek “ivy” and “grape vine.”) 
Species 21, in all tropical countries, a single variable one in the Philip- 
pines. 
1. C. pareira L. Sinsao-sinsaoan (Tag.). 
Scandent, slender, more or less pubescent or nearly glabrous, 3 to 4 m 
high, or of indefinite length. Leaves ovate to orbicular-ovate, often broader 
than long, 2 to 7 cm long, acute, usually apiculate, base broad, somewhat 
cordate or subtruncate, usually slightly peltate. Male panicles slender, 3 
to 6 cm long, hairy, usually diffuse, the flowers very small, greenish. Female 
racemes 2 to 6 cm long, the bracts green, reniform, 1 to 1.5 cm long, broader 
than long. Fruit fleshy, globose, red, 5 to 7 mm in diameter, somewhat 
pubescent. (FI. Filip. pl. 432.) 
In thickets, flowering at intervals throughout the year; common and 
widely distributed in the Philippines. All tropical countries. 
538. MAGNOLIACEAE (MAGNOLIA OR CHAMPACA FAMILY) 
Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, with alternate, simple, entire 
or toothed leaves. Stipules large, small, or wanting. Flowers yellow 
or white, fragrant, axillary and terminal, solitary, perfect. Sepals and 
petals similar, deciduous, thin, arranged in whorls of threes. Stamens 
numerous, many-seriate, hypogynous; anthers adnate, introrse. Carpels 
many, free or partly cohering in one whorl or on an elongated axis; 
