ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 267 
Cultivated, not uncommon, fl. most of the year; widely distributed in 
the Philippines. Throughout the tropics, a native of tropical America. 
The closely allied family Geraniaceae is represented in the Philippines 
only by introduced and cultivated forms, a few species of Pelargonium 
(“geranium” of gardeners) which do not, as rule, thrive in Manila. A 
single species, Pelargonium graveolens Ait., a native of South Africa, the 
“rose geranium” of America and “malva rosa” of Spaniards, is extensively 
cultivated here as a pot-plant, but it very rarely or never flowers in Manila. 
67. ERYTHROXYLACEAE (CocA FAMILY) 
Glabrous slender shrubs or trees with alternate, entire leaves, involute 
in bud, the stipules solitary, intrapetiolar. Flowers axillary, solitary or 
fascicled, 5-merous, perfect. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed. Petals 5, free, 
clawed, ligulate at the base inside. Stamens 10, the filaments connate 
into a shallow cup. Ovary superior, 3-celled, 2 cells usually sterile, the 
third with 1 or 2 ovules; styles 3, free or connate. Fruit drupaceous, the 
pulp scanty. 
Genera 2, species about 195, of wide tropical distribution, but mostly in 
tropical America. 
1. ERYTHROXYLUM P. Browne 
Characters of the Family as given above. (From the Greek “red” and 
“wood.”’) 
Species 194, 3 in the Philippines, the following introduced. 
*1. E. cocA Lam. Cocaine Plant. 
An erect, branched, glabrous shrub 1 to 2 m high. Leaves thin, elliptic- 
oblong or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 2 to 7 cm long, obtuse, mucronulate, 
base acute, longitudinal nerves or lines 2 or 4, slender, more distinct in 
young leaves. Flowers white, axillary, several in each axil, their pedicels 3 
to 4 long. Petals about 4.5 mm long, the blade elliptic. Fruit oblong, red, 
the pulp thin, 7 to 10 mm long, cylindric, when dry 3-angled. 
Cultivated, Singalon, Cementerio del Norte, etc., fi. most of the year. 
A native of South America, now cultivated in many tropical countries 
and of very recent introduction in the Philippines. 
68. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (TRIBULUS FAMILY) 
Herbs with opposite, stipulate, abruptly pinnate leaves. Peduncles axil- 
lary, solitary, 1-flowered. Flowers perfect, regular, rather showy, yellow. 
Sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, spreading, imbricate. Disk an- 
nular, 10-lobed. Stamens 10, inserted on the base of the disk, the 5 
longer ones opposite the petals, the 5 shorter ones with a gland at the 
base. Ovary sessile, lobed, usually of 4 or 5 carpels. Fruit of several, 
spinous, indehiscent cocci. Seeds obliquely pendulous. 
Genera about 20, species more than 100, chiefly tropical and subtrop- 
ical, one genus and species known from the Philippines. 
1. TRIBULUS Linnaeus 
Characters of the Family as given above. (Greek “caltrop,” literally 
3-pointed. ) 
About 15 species, in most warm countries, 1 introduced in the Philip- 
pines. 
