270 A FLORA OF MANILA 
4. TRIPHASIA Loureiro 
An erect, branched, spiny shrub with 8-foliolate leaves. Flowers axil- 
lary, solitary, or in 3-flowered cymes. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 3, free, 
imbricate. Stamens 6. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled, narrowed above, the style 
deciduous; ovules 1 in each cell. Fruit a small, ovoid, 1- to 3-celled, 1- 
to 3-seeded berry. (Greek, “three-fold.’’) 
A monotypic genus, probably a native of southeastern Asia. 
1. T. TRIFOLIA (Burm.) P. Wils. (7. trifoliata DC.). Limoncito (Sp.-Fil.). 
A glabrous shrub 1 to 3 m high, the spines in pairs, slender, straight. 
Leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse or retuse, crenate, the terminal one 
2 to 4 cm long, the lateral ones smaller, the petioles very short. Flowers 
very shortly pedicelled, white, fragrant, about 1 cm long. Fruit ovoid, 
fleshy, red, edible, gland-dotted, about 12 mm long. (FI. Filip. pl. 129.) 
In thickets, sometimes cultivated, fi. most of the year; widely distributed 
in the Philippines, certainly introduced, but now naturalized. Generally 
cultivated in the tropics of the East and in other tropical countries; 
probably a native of tropical Asia. 
5. CITRUS Linnaeus, 
Shrubs or trees, usually spiny. Leaves alternate, 1-foliolate, the petiole 
often winged. Flowers axillary, solitary or in short racemes or cymes, 
fragrant. Calyx mostly cup-shaped, 3- to 5-toothed. Petals 4 to 8, thick, 
imbricate. Stamens 10 to 60, inserted around the disk, the filaments more 
or less connate or nearly free. Ovary usually many-celled; ovules 4 to 
8 in each cell, 2-seriate. Fruit a medium to very large, oblong or globose, 
fleshy berry, 5- to many-celled, the pericarp leathery. (The Latin name.) 
Species 6 or more, very variable, India to Japan south to Australia, 
some cultivated in most subtropical and tropical countries, most of the 
species in the Philippines. 
In addition to the species considered below, imported oranges are com- 
monly sold in the Manila markets. A common native form is a tight- 
skinned sour orange locally known as “‘cahel” (Citrus aurantium L.); a 
more common loose-skinned form is known as “narangita” or “sintones” 
(Citrus nobilis Lour). Imported lemons (C. medica L.) are to be had at 
all seasons. 
1. Flowers axillary, usually solitary, rarely in pairs.................-.-.--- 1. C. mitis 
1. Flowers in short racemes. 
2. Petioles narrowly winged; flowers less than 1.5 cm long; fruit small. 
2. C. lima 
2. Petioles very broadly winged; flowers about 2 cm long; fruit very large. 
3. C. decumana 
*1. C. mitis Blanco. Calamondin, Calamansi (Tag.). 
A glabrous, somewhat spiny tree 4 to 5 m high. Leaflets elliptic to 
oblong-elliptic, 4 to 8 cm long, apex usually retuse, base acute, margins 
slightly crenulate, the petioles very narrowly or scarcely winged, about 1 
cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, rarely in pairs, white, short-pedicelled. 
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals elliptic-oblong, about 12 m long. Stamens about 
20, the filaments more or less united into a tube. Fruit globose, yellow, 
2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, 6- or 7-celled, the skin thin. (Fl. Filip. pl. 185.) 
