272 A FLORA OF MANILA 
70. SIMARUBACEAE (QUASSIA FAMILY) 
Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, with usually bitter bark, and al- 
ternate, pinnate, leaves. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, racemose, 
cymose, or paniculate. Flowers regular. Calyx 3- to 5-lobed. Petals 3 
to 5, hypogynous. Disk annular or elongated, rarely none. Stamens as 
many as, or twice as many as, the petals, free. Ovary superior, free, 
1- to 6-celled, entire or deeply lobed; ovules 1 or few in each cell; styles 
free or more or less united. Fruit drupaceous or capsular; seeds usually 
solitary. 
Genera 32, species about 130, tropical and subtropical regions in both 
hemispheres, 8 genera and about 12 species in the Philippines. 
Somewhat climbing, armed with short spines; petioles not winged; flowers 
ermal, woladbes Jeo sos tie. ee ae ey 1. Harrisonia 
Erect, unarmed; petioles and leaf-rachis winged; flowers large, red. 
2. Quassia 
1. HARRISONIA R. Brown 
Erect or somewhat climbing, spiny, glabrous or pubescent shrubs. 
Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers perfect, racemose or cymose. Calyx small, 
4- or 5-fid. Petals 4 to 5, longer than the calyx. Stamens twice as many 
as the petals, the filaments with small scales at the base; ovary globose, 
4- or 5-lobed, 4- or 5-celled; ovules solitary. Fruit berry-like, fleshy, glo- 
bose. (In honor of J. Harrison, an English horticulturist.) 
Species 3 or 4, tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to Australia, 
2 in the Philippines. 
1. H. perforata (Blanco) Merr. (H. paucijuga Benn.). Asimao, Laiya, 
Mamiquil (Tag.). 
Somewhat climbing or nearly erect, 2 to 4 m high, the branches armed 
with short sharp spines. Leaves 5 to 10 em long, slightly pubescent or 
nearly glabrous; leaflets oblong-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm long, entire or crenate, 
acute or obtuse. Racemes 3 to 5 cm long, terminal. Flowers white; petals 
about 6 mm long; filaments villous at the base. Fruit globose, fleshy, 
glabrous, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. (FI. Filip. pl. 28 Fagara piperita.) 
In dry thickets near Fort McKinley, fl. Apr._June; of local occurrence 
in the Philippines. India to China and Malaya. 
2. QUASSIA Linnaeus 
A glabrous erect shrub, intensely bitter. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 
the petiole and rachis winged. Flowers large, perfect, in terminal simple 
racemes or panicles. Calyx small, 5-partite. Petals 5, elongated, erect, 
not spreading. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the large columnar 
torus. Ovary 5-lobed. Drupes 5 or fewer, spreading. (Named after 
Quassi, or Coissi, a negro slave in Surinam who used the plant for 
medicine. ) 
A monotypic genus of tropical America. 
1. Q. amaRA L. Corales (Sp.-Fil.); Quassia. 
A glabrous shrub 2 to 3.5 m high. Leaves alternate, about 20 cm long, 
the petiole and rachis broadly winged; leaflets 5, sessile, elliptic-oblong, 
