296 A FLORA OF MANILA 
18. HOMONOIA Louzeiro 
Dioecious shrubs with alternate, narrow, entire leaves, glandular- 
lepidote beneath. Flowers small, in axillary, many-flowered spikes, apet- 
alous. Male flowers: Calyx globose, splitting into 3 valvate segments. 
Stamens numerous, crowded, in globose heads of branched filaments and 
anthers. Rudimentary ovary none. Female flowers: Sepals 5 to 8, 
narrow, unequal, imbricate, deciduous. Ovary 38-celled; styles spreading. 
Fruit a small capsule of three 2-valved 1-seeded cocci. (Greek “harmony,” 
reference to the more or less united stamens.) 
Species 3 or 4, India and Malaya, 2 in the Philippines. 
1. H. riparia Lour. Lumanaya (Tag.); Miagos (Vis.). 
A shrub 1 to 8 m high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 12 to 
20 em long, green and shining on the upper surface, the lower surface 
pale and brown-lepidote. Spikes axillary, solitary, 5 to 12 cm long, pu- 
bescent. Capsules about 8 mm in diameter, pubescent. (FI. Filip. pl. 338.) 
In stream-bed San Juan River at San Francisco del Monte, fl. Mar— 
Apr.; throughout the Philippines in similar habitats. India to Malaya. 
19. RICINUS Linnaeus 
A coarse, erect, branched annual herb, or shrubby and perennial. Leaves 
large, alternate, orbicular-ovate, peltate, palmately lobed. Flowers ape- 
talous, monoecious, in axillary, subpaniculate racemes, the lower ones male, 
in scattered fascicles, the upper ones female, crowded. Male flowers: 
Calyx thin, splitting into 3 to 5 segments. Stamens very numerous, the 
filaments variously connate in branching clusters. Female flowers: Calyx 
spathe-like, caducous. Ovary 38-celled. Styles short or long, spreading, 
entire or 2-fid. Capsule of three 2-valved 1-seeded cocci. (The ancient 
Latin name.) , 
A monotypic genus. 
1. R. communis L. Tangan-tangan (Tag.); Castor Oil Plant. 
Coarse, erect, branched, 1 to 4 high, glabrous, the younger parts 
glaucous, the vegetative parts and inflorescence green or purplish. Leaves 
thin, 20 to 60 cm in diameter, the lobes oblong, acuminate, serrate; petioles 
long, with a gland at the apex. Racemes stout, erect. Male flowers 
about 1 cm in diameter. Capsule ovoid, 1 to 1.5 em long, green or pur- 
plish, covered with soft spine-like processes. 
In open waste places, fl. all the year; common in and about towns 
throughout the Philippines, and.of prehistoric introduction. Probably a 
native of Africa, now in all tropical and many temperate countries, wild 
or cultivated. 
20. MANIHOT Adanson 
Glabrous trees or shrubs, often somewhat glaucous, with milky sap, 
sometimes from fleshy roots. Leaves alternate, usually deeply 3- to 11- 
lobed. Flowers medium, apetalous, monoecious, in racemes, cymes, or 
panicles. Male flowers: Calyx usually colored, campanulate, 5-lobed, the 
lobes imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted in 2 rows between the lobes or 
glands of the disk; filaments free. Female flowers: Calyx as in the male. 
Disk lobed or entire. Ovary 3-celled, cells 1-ovuled. Capsule of. three 
2-valved cocci. (From the Brazilian name of some species.) 
Species 128 in tropical America, mostly in Brazil, 2 introduced in the 
Philippines. 
