298 A FLORA OF MANILA 
22. EXCOECARIA Linnaeus 
Glabrous shrubs or trees with abundant, acrid, milky juice, and alternate 
or opposite, entire or nearly entire leaves. Flowers apctalous, small, in 
dense, axillary spikes or racemes, dioecious or monoecious, the rachis 
glandular beneath or at the sides of the bracts. Male flowers 1 to 3 in 
each bract, 2-bracteolate. Sepals 3, small. Stamens 38; filaments free. 
Rudimentary ovary none. Female flowers at the base of the male spikes 
or racemes, or on separate ones. Calyx 3-fid. Ovary 3-celled; cells 1- 
ovuled; styles spreading or recurved. Capsules of 3 cocci, the valves 
elastically twisting and separating from the columella. (Greek “blind- 
ness,” from reputed blinding effect of the milky juice.) 
Species 80 or more in tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia, 2 or 3 in 
the Philippines. 
1. E. agallocha L. Buta, Buta-buta (Tag.); Alipata, Lipata (Vis.). 
A glabrous shrub or small tree 1 to 8 m high. Leaves alternate, ellip- 
tic-ovate, oblong-ovate, or ovate, shining, base rounded or acute, apex 
acuminate, 6 to 12 cm long, entire or nearly so. Male spikes axillary, 
solitary, 5 to 10 cm long, many-flowered. Female flowers in 2 to 3 cm 
long racemes, the sepals with a basal gland within. Capsules usually 
about 5 mm in diameter, subglobose, smooth. 
Along tidal estuaries, fl. May-July, and probably in other months; 
throughout the Philippines along the seashore. India to southern China 
southward to Australia and Polynesia. 
76. ANACARDIACEAE (CASHEW OR MANGO FAMILY) 
Trees or shrubs, often with acrid and sometimes milky juice. Leaves 
alternate, exstipulate, simple or pinnate. Inflorescence mostly paniculate. 
Flowers small, regular, unisexual, polygamous, or perfect. Calyx 3- to 
6-partite. Petals 3 to 6, alternate with the sepals, free, imbricate or 
valvate in bud. Disk flat, cup-shaped or annular, entire or lobed. Sta- 
mens as many as or twice as many as the petals, rarely fewer or only one, 
inserted under, rarely.on the disk; filaments usually subulate; anthers 2- 
celled, basi- or dorsifixed. Ovary superior, 1- to 5-celled, or in Buchanania 
of 5 or 6 free carpels, often rudimentary in the staminate flowers; style 1 
to 6, or stigmas subsessile; ovules solitary in the cells. Fruit a 1- to 5- 
celled, 1- to 5-seeded drupe. 
Genera about 60, species about 500, chiefly tropical, 11 genera and 35 
species known from the Philippines. 
1. Leaves simple; ovary 1-celled, or of several 1-celled carpels. 
2. Fruits seated on a much enlarged fleshy peduncle. 
38. Stamens twice as many as the petals, some of them imperfect; 
fleshy peduncle large, 5 to 7 cm long..................-..... 1. Anacardium 
3. Stamens as many as the petals; fleshy peduncle small, 1 to 16 cm~- 
0) c(i aN Oe SS, Sot PRR eel Gee RS 2. Semecarpus 
2. Peduncles not at all enlarged. 
3. Stamens 1 to 5; carpels 1; fruit a large fleshy edible drupe. 
3. Mangifera 
8. Stamens 8 or 10; carpels 5; fruit a small drupe 1 cm long or less, 
the flesh scanty... ol tehee i Se Bee 4. Buchanania 
1. Leaves pinnate; ovary several-celled; fruit ovoid, the stone several- 
celled... ech Soe, ee ee a arama ees 
