VITACEAE 309 
2. GOUANIA Linnaeus 
Unarmed climbing shrubs with alternate leaves. Flowers polygamous 
in axillary or terminal spikes or spike-like racemes, the rachis often tendril- 
bearing at or near the base. Flowers small. Calyx superior, 5-fid, the tube 
short, obconic. Petals 5, inserted below the margin of the disk, hooded. 
Stamens 5, enfolded by the petals. Disk filling the calyx-tube, 5-angled. 
Ovary sunk in the disk, 3-celled; style 3-cleft. Fruit an inferior, coriace- 
ous, dehiscent capsule, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb, 8-angled or 
38-winged. (In honor of A. Gouan, a French botanist.) 
Species between 30 and 40, chiefly in tropical America, few in Africa, 
Asia, and Malaya, 2 in the Philippines. 
1. G. microcarpa DC. Litiran (Tag.). 
A seandent shrub, the younger parts and inflorescence pubescent. Stems 
slender. Leaves ovate, acuminate, base broad and rounded or subcordate, 
margins nearly entire or crenate-serrate, 6 to 11 cm long. Spikes terminal 
and axillary, slender, pubescent, up to 20 cm in length, the rachis usually 
cirrhose near the base, the flowers crowded in scattered, often short- 
peduncled heads or clusters. Flowers white, about 2 mm long, pubescent 
outside. Fruit about 5 mm long, 3-angled, angles slightly winged, glabrous 
or nearly so. 
In thickets, Masambong, fl. Dec._Feb.; widely distributed in the Philip- 
pines. India to Malaya. 
8. COLUBRINA L. C. Richard 
Erect or climbing shrubs with alternate, toothed, 3-nerved leaves. Cymes 
axillary, short. Flowers small, perfect, regular. Calyx 5-toothed or lobed, 
the tube short, broad. Petals 5, clawed, hooded, inserted on the margin 
of the disk. Stamens 5. Disk fleshy, filling the calyx-tube. Ovary 3-celled, 
sunk in the disk and confluent with it; style 3-cleft. Fruit a tardily 
dehiscent, globose, 3-celled, 3-seeded capsule, surrounded below with the 
accrescent calyx-tube. (Latin ‘“‘snake’”’ from the fancied resemblance of 
the twining stems of some species.) 
Species about 15, chiefly in tropical America, 1 in the Philippines. 
1. C. asiatica (L.) Brongn. Cabatiti (Tag.). 
A scandent glabrous shrub reaching a height of 6 m. Leaves shining, 
ovate, acuminate, base rounded, margins crenate-serrate, 5 to 9 em long, 
2 to 6 cm wide, 3-nerved from the base. Cymes axillary, short, 1 em long 
or less, shorter than the petioles. Flowers pedicelled, yellowish-green, 
about 4 mm in diameter. Fruit subglobose, 7 to 9 mm in diameter, 
surrounded at the base by the calyx, tardily dehiscent, crustaceous, 3-seeded. 
In thickets along the beach, Pasay, fl. May—Aug.; throughout the Philip- 
pines near the seashore. India to Malaya and Australia, and in southern 
Africa. 
82. VITACEAE (GRAPE OR AYO FAMILY) 
Erect shrubs, or vines climbing by means of tendrils, the stems cylindric, 
angled, or compressed. Leaves alternate, simple and toothed or lobed, 
digitately or pedately 3- to 9-foliolate, or 1- to 3-pinnate. Flowers regular, 
