310 A FLORA OF MANILA 
perfect or unisexual, cymose, the cymes umbellately, paniculately, or race- 
mosely arranged. Calyx small, entire, or 4- or 5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, 
free or cohering, valvate. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the petals, inserted 
at the base of the disk or between its lobes; anthers free or connate, 
extrorse. Disk free or connate with the stamens or ovary. Ovary 2- to 
6-celled; style short or none; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Fruit a 1- to 
6-celled berry. 
Genera 12 or more, species more than 500, in all parts of the world, 
6 genera and about 40 species in the Philippines. 
1. Tendril-bearing vines with simple, pedately, or palmately compound 
leaves. 
2. Stigma 4-lobed; leaves (in our species) 5-foliolate........ 1. Tetrastigma 
2. Stigma entire, small; leaves (in our species) simple or 3-foliolate. 
2. Cissus 
1. Erect shrubs or small trees without tendrils, the leaves large, pinnately 
COMPGuNGs sc. b DEL OS A oe a ee Oe eae 3. Leea 
1. TETRASTIGMA Planchon 
Climbing, more or less woody vines, tendril-bearing, the leaves usually 
pedately 5-foliolate, sometimes 3- or 1-foliolate. Flowers small, 4-merous, 
polygamo-dioecious, in axillary corymbose cymes, usually puberulent. Petals 
4, usually mucronate near the apex, spreading in flower. Disk adnate to 
the base of the ovary. Ovary 2-celled, the cells 2-ovuled; style very short; 
stigma usually 4-lobed. Fruit a fleshy, 2- to 4-seeded berry. (Greek 
“four” and “stigma.”) 
Species about 45 in the Indo-Malayan region, 5 or 6 in the Philippines. 
1. T. harmandii Planch. Ayo (Tag.). 
A vine reaching a length of 10 m, the stems somewhat compressed, woody, 
rough, 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. Tendrils simple. Leaves mostly pedately 
5-foliolate, some 3-foliolate and some rarely 7-foliolate on the same plant. 
Leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminate, distantly toothed, shining, glabrous, 5 
to 12 em long. Inflorescence cymose axillary, solitary, short-peduncled, 
puberulent, 4 to 10 cm long and wide. Flowers pale-green, faintly fragrant, 
numerous, umbellately disposed on the ultimate branchlets, short-pedicelled. 
Calyx very small. Petals 4, oblong, about 3.5 mm long, puberulent on the 
back. Fruit globose, fleshy, glabrous. (Fl. Filip. pl. 398, Cissus pedata.) 
In dry thickets La Loma to Pasay, sometimes cultivated, fl. Feb.—Apr.; 
widely distributed in the Philippines. Indo-China. 
2. CISSUS Linnaeus 
Climbing, suffrutescent, herbaceous, or somewhat woody, tendril-bearing 
vines, with simple, or 8- to 5-foliolate leaves. Cymes corymbose, usually 
leaf-opposed. Flowers perfect, 4-merous. Petals 4, spreading in flower, 
rarely adnate and falling as a whole. Disk 4-lobed, adnate to the base of 
the ovary. Ovary 2-celled, the cells usually 2-ovuled; style subulate; 
stigma entire; fruit a fleshy 1- to 4-seeded berry. (The Greek name for 
the ivy.) 
Species about 220 in the tropics of both hemispheres, about 15 in the 
Philippines. 
1. Leaves simple. 
2. Stems thick, fleshy, sharply 4-angled...................... 1. C. quadrangularis 
2. Stems terete. 
