318 A FLORA OF MANILA 
In open waste places, fl. most of the year; common and widely distributed 
in the Philippines, but certainly introduced here. Tropics generally. 
4. S. acuTA Burm. (S. carpinifolia L.). Ualisualisan, Escobang-haba 
(Tag.). 
An erect, branched, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous, suffrutescent 
herb or undershrub less than 1m high. Leaves lanceolate, acute or acumi- 
nate, serrate, base rounded or obtuse, 3 to 5 cm long, pale-green, of the 
same color on both surfaces, the stipules linear-lanceolate, longer than the 
petioles. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, the pedicels short, jointed 
near the middle. Calyx green. Corolla yellow, about 1.3 cm in diameter. 
Carpels 4 to 9, enclosed by the calyx, about 3.5 mm long, rugose, 2-awned. 
(FI. Filip. pl. 366.) 
In open waste places, very common, fl. all the year; throughout the 
Philippines about towns, undoubtedly introduced. Tropics generally. 
5. S. RHOMBIFOLIA L. Ualisualisan (Tag.). 
An erect, branched, shrubby plant 0.5 to 1.3 m high.. Leaves oblong to 
rhomboid, 1 to 4 cm long, acute or rounded, serrate, pale and stellate- 
puberulent beneath, the stipules setaceous, as long as the petiole. Flowers 
axillary, solitary, their pedicels slender, elongated, jointed above the middle, 
in fruit about 1.5 cm long. Calyx green. Corolla yellow, 1.5 to 1.8 cm in 
diameter. Carpels 8 to 10, nearly smooth or somewhat rugose, about 2.5 
mm long, not awned, enclosed by the calyx. (FI. Filip. pl. 248, S. philippica.) 
In open waste places, common, fl. all the year; throughout the Philippines 
in and about towns, certainly introduced. Tropics generally. 
6. S. RETUSA L. 
An erect, stiff, branched undershrub usually less than 0.5 m high. Leaves 
oblong-obovate to obovate, apex retuse, truncate, or rounded, usually broad, 
base cuneate, 1 to 2 cm long, toothed, pale and densely stellate-pubescent 
on the lower surface. Flowers axillary, solitary, usually short-pedicelled, 
yellow, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Carpels beaked, smooth or only slightly 
rugose. 
In open dry grass lands, fi. all the year; widely distributed in the Philip- 
pines, but certainly introduced here. Tropics generally. 
3. ABUTILON Gaertner 
. 
Erect, suffrutescent herbs or undershrubs more or less downy-pubescent, 
grayish. Leaves cordate, ovate, or somewhat lobed. Flowers axillary or 
terminal, the bracteoles none. Calyx tubular below, cleft into 5 valvate 
sepals. Petals 5, connate below and adnate to the staminal-tube. Staminal 
tube divided above into many filaments. Carpels 5 to many; styles as many 
as the carpels. Ripe carpels separating from the axis, awned or not. (Said 
to be from an Arabian name alluding to the yellow flowers.) 
Species about 70, in most tropical and subtropical countries, 2 or 3 in 
the Philippines. 
1. A. rnpIcum (L.) G. Don. Guiling-guilifgan (Tag.); Malvas, Marbas 
(Sp.-Fil.). 
An annual or perennial, suffrutescent, erect, branched plant 0.5 to 2.5 
m high. Leaves orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 12 cm long, nearly as 
wide, base prominantly cordate, apex shortly acuminate, margins entire or 
irregularly toothed, both surfaces softly ashy-puberulent. Flowers axillary, 
solitary, the peduncles long, jointed near the tip. Calyx green. Corolla 
