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DILLENIACEAE ; 331 
In open waste places, fl. most of the year, common and widely distributed 
in the Philippines, certainly introduced. Tropics generally, but probably 
of American origin. 
87. DILLENIACEAE (DILLENIA OR CATMON FAMILY) 
Shrubs or trees, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, simple, entire 
or toothed, the petioles often sheathing, exstipulate. Flowers small or 
large, regular, perfect. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, rarely less, decid- 
uous. Stamens many, hypogynous. Carpels 1 or more, free or cohering; 
styles distinct; ovules 1 to many. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, or dry and 
follicular. Seeds solitary or many, arillate. 
Genera 13, species about 325 in tropical and subtropical regions, 3 genera 
and about 30 species in the Philippines. 
Seandent shrubs with small flowers. ........00.......0...cccceeeeseceeceeeeeeeeeee 1. Tetracera 
ERS OE Rh AP WII, 5 Pie eae Rte as Seca nis Ade peta atg aah eS 2. Dillenia 
1. TETRACERA Linnaeus 
Climbing shrubs, the leaves scabrid or smooth, the veins parallel, prom- 
inent. Flowers white, perfect, many, in terminal or lateral panicles. 
Sepals 4 to 6. Petals 2 to 6. Filaments dilated upward. Ovary of from 
1 to 5 carpels, ovules 2 to many in each. Fruit a small, ovoid, coriaceous 
follicle. Seeds 1 to 5, the aril toothed or fimbriate. (Greek “four” and 
“horn” from supposed resemblance of the fruit.) 
Species about 25, 2 or 3 in the Philippines. 
1. T. sarmentosa (L.) Vahl. Malacatmon (Tag.). 
A climbing vine 3 to 5 m or more in length. Leaves oblong-obovate to 
oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, harsh, acute or obtuse, 6 to 12 cm long, the 
nerves very prominent, toothed. Panicles terminal and axillary, 10 to 25 
em long. Flowers numerous, white, about 8 mm in diameter. Carpel sol- 
itary. Follicle oblong-ovoid, pointed, nearly 1 cm long, 1-seeded, hirsute, 
the aril cupular, toothed. (FI. Filip. pl. 190, Delima sarmentosa.). 
In thickets, La Loma to Masambong, fl. May-June; widely distributed 
in the Philippines. India to Malaya. 
2. DILLENIA Linnaeus 
Trees with large, ovate to oblong, alternate, prominently pinnately 
nerved, toothed leaves, the petioles usually with broad, adherent, deciduous, 
wing-like stipules. Flowers large, solitary, or in few-flowered, terminal. 
spicate or racemose, simple or sparingly branched inflorescences. Sepals 
5, spreading. Petals 5, thin, white or yellow, much larger than the sepals. 
Stamens very numerous, in several series, free or nearly so. Carpels 5 to 
20, cohering in the axils or nearly free; ovules few to many. Fruit globose, 
fleshy, spirally ridged, enclosed in the thickened sepals, or of indehiscent 
or dehiscent follicle-like carpels. Seeds arillate or not. (In honor of J. J. 
Dillenius, an early English botanist.) 
Species about 25, tropical Asia and Malaya, few in Madagascar, about 
6 in the Philippines. 
1. D. philippinensis Rolfe. Catmon (Tag., Vis., Bic.); Palali (Il.). 
A tree 6 to 15 m high, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves coriaceous, shining, 
ovate, elliptic, or oblong-ovate, 12 to 25 cm long, carsely toothed. Flowers 
large, showy, about 15 cm in diameter, the petals white, stamens and 
