SONNERATIACEAE 343 
Petals oblong or obovate, pink, rather persistent, about half as long as 
the calyx-lobes. Capsules about 1.6 mm long, 2-valved, ellipsoid. 
In open wet grass lands, waste places, etc., fl. Nov.-March; widely dis- 
tributed in the Philippines. Caucasian region through India and Ceylon 
to Japan, southward to Java. 
4. AMMANIA Linnaeus 
Annual, slender, erect, branched, glabrous herbs growing in wet places. 
Leaves decussate, alternate, sessile. Flowers small, in dense, axillary 
clusters, 4-merous. Calyx campanulate or urn-shaped, after flowering be- 
coming globose, 4-lobed, lobes usually not appendaged. Petals none, or 
4 and small. Stamens 2 to 8, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary sessile. 
Capsule globose or ellipsoid, thinly membranaceous, bursting irregularly, 
the walls not horizontally striate. (In honor of J. Ammann.) 
Species about 20, of wide distribution in the tropics, chiefly in Africa 
and Asia, 2 or 3 in the Philippines. 
1. A. baccifera L. 
An erect, branched, glabrous, slender, annual herb 10 to 50 em high, 
usually more or less purplish, the stems somewhat 4-angled. Leaves oblong, 
oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, base narrowed, those of the stems some- 
times 3.5 em long, those of the branches very numerous, small, 1 to 1.5 
em long. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, pedicelled, about 1.2 mm 
long, green or purplish. Calyx-lobes 4, triangular, acute, about 0.6 mm long. 
Petals none. Stamens 4. Capsule depressed-globose, 1.2 mm in diameter, 
purple, irregularly circumsciss above the middle. 
In open wet places, old rice fields, ete., fi. all the year; throughout 
the Philippines, possibly introduced. Tropical Africa and Asia through 
Malaya to Australia. 
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98. SONNERATIACEAE (SONNERATIA OR PAGATPAT FAMILY) 
Erect shrubs or trees with entire, opposite, exstipulate leaves. Flowers 
small or large, terminal, solitary or few, or numerous and arranged 
in panicles. Flowers regular, perfect or polygamo-dioecious, the calyx- 
tube slightly united with the ovary, the segments valvate. Petals none 
or as many as the calyx-segments and alternate with them. Stamens as 
many as the calyx-segments and alternate with them, or very numerous 
and inserted within the rim of the calyx, the filaments in bud bent in- 
ward. Ovary 2- to 20-celled, nearly superior, the ovules numerous, in 
many rows. Fruit dry or somewhat fleshy, indehiscent or dehiscent, 
many-seeded. 
Genera 2, species about 10, India to Malaya and Polynesia, both genera 
and 5 species in the Philippines. 
SONNERATIA Linnaeus filius 
Shrubs or trees, quite glabrous, with opposite, entire, thick leaves. 
Flowers large, terminal, solitary or two or three together. Calyx coria- 
ceous, the tube campanulate, slightly adnate to the base of the ovary, 
the segments 4 to 9, ovate to lanceolate, persistent. Petals linear, as 
many as the calyx-segments on none. Stamens very numerous, inserted 
within the rim of the calyx-tube, the filaments slender, long. Ovary nearly 
superior, many-celled; ovules numerous in each cell; style long; stigma 
