UMBELLIFERAE | 359 
107. UMBELLIFERAE (PARSLEY OR ANIS FAMILY) 
- Erect or prostrate often aromatic or rank scented herbs, the leaves 
alternate, simple and toothed or lobed, or compound, variously divided or 
dissected, the petioles often sheathing at the base. Flowers small, perfect 
or polygamous in compound or simple axillary or terminal umbels. Calyx- 
tube adnate to the ovary; limb none or 5-toothed. Petals 5, epigynous, 
imbricate or valvate. Stamens 5, epyginous. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, cells 
l-ovuled. Fruit of 2, indehiscent, dorsally or laterally compressed carpels, 
separating by a joint or seam, the carpels with 5 primary ridges, 1 dorsal, 
2 lateral, and 2 intermediate, often with additional intermediate ones. 
Genera 257, species over 2,500, in all parts of the world, 8 genera and 
12 to 15 species in the Philippines, mostly introduced. 
In addition to the species considered below, the following are cultivated 
by Chinese gardeners for the Manila market: Carum petroselinum Benth. 
& Hook. f., Parsley (Sp. perejil) ; Daucus carota L., Carrot (Sp. zanahoria) ; 
Apium graveolens L., Celery (Sp. apio); and Coriandrum sativum L. Co- 
riander (Sp. culantro, Chinese ongsoy). Mature specimens of some are 
rarely found, and others do not attain maturity here. 
1. Erect aromatic herbs with compound terminal umbels and 2- to 4-pin- 
nate leaves, the segments filiform....................---... 2686 2 1. Foeniculum 
1. Prostrate herbs with simple leaves and small, axillary, simple, subcapitate 
umbels. 
2. Petals valvate; carpels not reticulate, with 3 ridges........ 2. Hydrocotyle 
2. Petals imbricate; carpels reticulate, with 5 ridges............... 3. Centella 
1. FOENICULUM Adanson 
Glabrous, tall, aromatic, biennial orf perennial herbs. Leaves 2- to 4- 
pinnate, the segments filiform. Flowers yellow, in ample, peduncled umbels, 
the bracts and bracteoles none. Calyx truncate. Petals incurved, emar- 
ginate. Fruit oblong or ellipsoid, the ribs prominent subequal. Seeds some- 
what dorsally compressed, the inner face somewhat concave. (The ancient 
Latin name.) 
Species 3 or 4, Europe to western Asia, 1 widely cultivated. 
*1. F. VULGARE Gaertn. Haras (Tag.); Anis (Sp.); Fennel. 
Erect, glabrous, often 1 m or more in height, somewhat glaucus. Leaves 
about 20 cm long, the segments filiform, 2 to 4 cm long. Umbels 5 to 10 
em in diameter, the rays 8 to 15, 2 to 3 cm long, longer in fruit, each 
with 20 to 30, pedicelled, yellow flowers. Fruit very aromatic, about 5 
mm long. 
Occasionally cultivated, not spontaneous, fl. Oct—May, and probably in 
other months. A native of Europe, now cultivated or wild in most tem- 
perate and tropical countries. 
2. HYDROCOTYLE Linnaeus 
Prostrate herbs rooting at the nodes. Leaves reniform or rounded, 
toothed or palmately lobed, long-petioled. Umbels simple, small, axillary, 
sessile or pedicellate, often dense and capitate. Flowers small, the bracts 
small or none. Calyx-teeth none or very small. Petals entire, acute, 
