396 A FLORA OF MANILA 4 
the back. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, the nutlets about 5 mm long, their 
inner faces rugose. 
In waste places, cultivated lands, et¢., occasional, fl. July-Jan.; local in 
the Philippines and undoubtedly introduced. India to Persia and Mauritius. 
2. T. ZEYLANICUM (L.) R. Br. 
An erect, branched, pubescent and hirsute, annual herb 30 to 70 cm high. 
Leaves oblong to lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm long, shortly petioled, narrowed at 
the acute base, obtuse to slightly acuminate, the upper ones much reduced, 
bristly-hairy, the hairs springing from tubercles on the upper surface, the 
lower surface pubescent and with longer hairs on the nerves. Flowers long- 
pedicelled, in axillary and terminal racemes forming a leafy panicle. Calyx 
densely pubescent, about 1 cm long in flower, the sepals increasing in size 
and surrounding fruit, rounded or acute at the base, acuminate. Corolla 
pale-blue, about 1.3 cm in diameter. , 
Oceasional in open waste places, fallow lands, etc., fl. March—June; widely 
distributed in Luzon, but certainly introduced here. India to the Mas- 
carene Islands through Malaya to Australia. 
6. COLDENIA Linnaeus 
Prostrate scabrous herbs with alternate, crisped leaves. Flowers small, 
axillary, sessile, solitary, or the upper ones in a short, one-sided, leafy 
spike. Sepals 4 or 5. Corolla*tube short, the lobes 4 or 5, spreading, 
imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the 
tube. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-oyuled, or nearly 4-celled. Style terminal, 
bifid. Fruit nearly dry, of 4, subconnate, 1-seeded pyrenes. (In honor of 
€. Colden, lieutenant-governor of New York, a correspondent of Linnaeus.) 
Species about 11, all tropical American, except the following widely 
distributed one. 
1. C. PROCUMBENS L. 
An annual, pubescent herb, the branches procumbent, spreading flat on 
the ground, up to 25 em in length. Leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate, the 
nerves deeply impressed, obtuse, coarsely crenate, base very strongly 
inequilateral, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers white, small. Pyrenes slightly 
muricate, subconnate into an acute, 4-ribbed, conical fruit 3 to 4 mm in 
diameter. 
In open dry waste places, La Loma, fl. Dec._Feb.; widely distributed in 
the Philippines, but of local occurrence in and about towns, and certainly 
introduced. All tropical countries; probably a native of tropical America. 
121. VERBENACEAE (VERBENA or MOLAVE FAMILY) 
Herbs, vines, shrubs, or trees, with opposite, simple or digitate leaves, the 
stipules none. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, spicate, racemose or 
cymose, the cymes often arranged in panicles, the bracts small to large. 
Calyx sometimes accrescent, 4- or 5-toothed or truncate, teeth rarely more 
numerous. Corolla-tube long or short, usually cylindric, the limb 2-lipped 
or subequally 4- or 5-, rarely many-lobed. Stamens 4, in 2 unequal pairs, 
sometimes equal and 5 or 6 or more. Ovary superior, free, usually of 2 
carpels, 2- to 8-celled or sub-1-celled, entire or 4-lobed. Fruit drupaceous 
or capsular, 1- to 4-celled, the cells 1-seeded. 
Genera 77, species about 900, chiefly tropical, in both hemispheres, 15 
genera and about 90 species in the Philippines. 
