SCROPHULARIACEAE 425 
8. V. crustacea (L.) Benth. 
A diffusely branched, glabrous, suberect or spreading annual 8 to 20 cm 
high. Leaves ovate, acute or obtuse, distantly serrate, short-petioled, 8 
to 15 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, or the upper ones subrace- 
mose, the pedicels 1 to 3 em long. Calyx green or purplish, 4 to 5 mm 
long, the lobes acute, about 1.5 mm long. Corolla about 9 mm long, purple. 
Capsule oblong-ovate to ellipsoid, 5 to 6 mm long, included in and about 
as long as the persistent calyx. 
In open grass lands, waste places, etc., fl. all the year; common and 
widely distributed in the Philippines. Tropics of the Old World, intro- 
duced in tropical America. 
4. V. cordifolia (Colsm.) G. Don (V. pedunculata Benth.). 
A slender, glabrous, simple or slightly branched plant, the stems pros- 
trate below, 10 to 30 cm in length, the flowering branches ascending. 
Leaves sessile or shortly petioled, ovate, acute or obtuse, base cordate, 
margins slightly toothed, 1 to 2 cm long. Pedicels axillary, solitary, longer 
than the leaves, also frequently in terminal racemes. Calyx green, about 
5 mm long. Corolla pink or purplish, about 8 mm long. Capsule cylin- 
dric, oblong-lanceolate, tipped by the style, about twice as long as the calyx- 
segments, 
In open damp grass lands, occasional, fl. Sept._Dec.; widely distributed 
in Luzon. India to southern China, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo. 
9. TORENIA Linnaeus 
Annual, erect or prostrate, usually branched, glabrous or pubescent 
herbs. Leaves opposite, entire, crenate, or serrate. Flowers small to 
large, axillary and solitary, or in terminal, often leafy racemes, the pediceis 
ebracteolate. Calyx tubular, 3- to 5-winged, plaited, or keeled, 2-lipped 
or 3- to 5-toothed. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated above, the upper lip con- 
cave, notched or 2-fid, the lower one larger, spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 
4, in 2 pairs, the 2 upper ones included, the 2 lower appendaged at the 
base and conniving under the upper lip; anthers touching or cohering in 
pairs. Capsule linear or oblong, included, the valves separating from the 
axis. (Named after O. Toren, a clergyman who travelled in China.) 
Species about 30, mostly in tropical Asia and Africa, 3 in the Philippines. 
* 1. T. CONCOLOR Lindl. 
An erect, branched, sparingly pubescent, annual herb 10 to 30 em high, 
the stems 4-angled. Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, toothed, 1 to 3 cm 
long. Flowers in terminal few-flowered racemes or solitary in the upper 
axils. Calyx green, ovoid, about 1.5 cm long, prominently 5-winged. Co- 
rolla 2.5 to 3 cm long, violet-purple, the lower lip deep-black-purple and with 
a large yellow spot. 
Somewhat cultivated, fl. Dec.—March. A native of southern China, of 
comparatively recent introduction here. 
10. BONNAYA Link & Otto 
Slender, prostrate or ascending, annual, glabrous herbs. Leaves oppo- 
site, penninerved, entire or serrate. Flowers solitary, axillary, or the 
upper ones opposite and subracemose. Calyx-segments 5, narrow. Corolla- 
tube cylindric, the upper lip broad, concave, 2-fid, the lower spreading, 3- 
lobed. Perfect stamens 2, not exserted; anthers touching, their cells di- 
